Heider Niclas, Spruyt Adriaan, De Houwer Jan
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, BE.
Psychol Belg. 2018 Jan 4;57(4):158-173. doi: 10.5334/pb.362.
Body dissatisfaction (i.e., a negative attitude towards one's own physical appearance) is assumed to originate from a perceived discrepancy between the actual physical appearance (i.e., actual body image) and the desired ideal state of the body (i.e., ideal body image). We assessed implicit beliefs about these two aspects of the body image independently using two Relational Responding Tasks (RRT) in a sample of participants who were either low or high in explicitly reported body dissatisfaction. As hypothesized, differences in body dissatisfaction exerted a differential influence on the two RRT scores. The implicit belief that one is thin was less pronounced in participants who were strongly dissatisfied with their body relative to participants who were more satisfied with their body. The implicit desire to be thin (i.e., thin ideal body image), in contrast, tended to be more pronounced in participants who exhibited a high degree of body dissatisfaction as compared to participants who exhibited a low degree of body dissatisfaction. Hierarchical regression analyses also revealed that the RRT scores were predictive of self-reported body dissatisfaction, even over and above the predictive validity of some (but not all) explicit predictors of body dissatisfaction that were included in the present study. More generally, these findings contribute to the empirical validation of the RRT as a measure of implicit beliefs in the context of body dissatisfaction.
身体不满（即对自己身体外观的消极态度）被认为源于实际身体外观（即实际身体形象）与期望的理想身体状态（即理想身体形象）之间的感知差异。我们在明确报告身体不满程度低或高的参与者样本中，使用两个关系反应任务（RRT）分别评估了对身体形象这两个方面的隐性信念。正如所假设的，身体不满的差异对两个RRT分数产生了不同的影响。与对自己身体更满意的参与者相比，对自己身体强烈不满的参与者中认为自己瘦的隐性信念不那么明显。相比之下，与身体不满程度低的参与者相比，身体不满程度高的参与者中变瘦的隐性愿望（即瘦的理想身体形象）往往更明显。分层回归分析还显示，即使超出了本研究中纳入的一些（但不是全部）明确的身体不满预测因素的预测效度，RRT分数仍能预测自我报告的身体不满。更一般地说，这些发现有助于在身体不满的背景下对RRT作为隐性信念测量方法进行实证验证。
