Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 4N1 , Canada.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 4N1 , Canada.
ACS Nano. 2018 Nov 27;12(11):10621-10635. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05950. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
Vaccination using nanocarrier-based delivery systems has recently emerged as a promising approach for meeting the continued challenge posed by infectious diseases and cancer. A diverse portfolio of nanocarriers of various sizes, compositions, and physical parameters have now been developed, and this diversity provides an opportunity for the rational design of vaccines that can mediate targeted delivery of various antigens and adjuvants or immune regulatory agents in ways unachievable with classical vaccination approaches. This flexibility allows control over the characteristics of vaccine-elicited immune responses such that they can be tailored to be effective in circumstances where classical vaccines have failed. Furthermore, the utility of nanocarrier-based immune modulation extends to the treatment of autoimmune disease where precisely targeted inhibition of immune responses is desirable. Clearly, the selection of appropriate nanocarriers, antigens, adjuvants, and other components underpins the efficacy of these nanoimmune interventions. Herein, we provide an overview of currently available nanocarriers of various types and their physical and pharmacological properties with the goal of providing a resource for researchers exploring nanomaterial-based approaches for immune modulation and identify some information gaps and unexplored questions to help guide future investigation.
基于纳米载体的疫苗传递系统作为一种有前途的方法，最近已经出现，以应对传染病和癌症持续存在的挑战。目前已经开发出了具有各种大小、组成和物理参数的多样化纳米载体，这种多样性为疫苗的合理设计提供了机会，可以以经典疫苗方法无法实现的方式介导各种抗原和佐剂或免疫调节剂的靶向递送。这种灵活性允许控制疫苗诱导的免疫反应的特征，从而可以针对经典疫苗失败的情况进行调整以提高效果。此外，基于纳米载体的免疫调节的应用还扩展到治疗自身免疫性疾病，其中需要精确靶向抑制免疫反应。显然，选择合适的纳米载体、抗原、佐剂和其他成分是这些纳米免疫干预措施的疗效的基础。在此，我们概述了各种类型的现有纳米载体及其物理和药理学特性，旨在为探索基于纳米材料的免疫调节方法的研究人员提供资源，并确定一些信息空白和未探索的问题，以帮助指导未来的研究。
