Álvarez-Linera Prado J, Jiménez-Huete A
Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, España.
Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, España.
Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2019 Jan-Feb;61(1):66-81. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.08.004. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Dementia is a syndrome characterised by chronic, multi-domain, acquired cognitive impairment that causes significant functional limitations. MRI is the standard imaging study for these cases, since it enables detection of the atrophy patterns of the various neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, Lewy body dementia), the vascular lesions associated with vascular dementia, and various potentially reversible diseases (for example, tumours, hydrocephaly) or diseases that require special management measures (for example, prion diseases). In certain cases other imaging methods can be used, such as CT, functional MRI, HMPAO SPECT or dopaminergic markers and FDG PET, amyloid markers or dopaminergic markers. The indications for these methods have not yet been clearly established, and therefore should be used in multidisciplinary dementia units.
痴呆是一种以慢性、多领域、获得性认知障碍为特征的综合征，会导致严重的功能受限。磁共振成像（MRI）是这些病例的标准影像学检查，因为它能够检测各种神经退行性疾病（阿尔茨海默病、额颞叶变性、路易体痴呆）的萎缩模式、与血管性痴呆相关的血管病变，以及各种潜在可逆性疾病（例如肿瘤、脑积水）或需要特殊管理措施的疾病（例如朊病毒病）。在某些情况下，可以使用其他成像方法，如计算机断层扫描（CT）、功能磁共振成像、锝-99m六甲基丙烯胺肟单光子发射计算机断层扫描（HMPAO SPECT）或多巴胺能标记物以及氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（FDG PET）、淀粉样蛋白标记物或多巴胺能标记物。这些方法的适应症尚未明确确立，因此应在多学科痴呆诊疗单元中使用。
