J Midwifery Womens Health. 2019 Jan;64(1):18-27. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12907. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Asthma is a common condition affecting 8.3% of the adult population in the United States. The disease is characterized by chronic airway inflammation that leads to airway hyperresponsiveness and obstruction that results in coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a feeling of chest tightness. The diagnosis and classification of asthma is based on reported symptoms, physical examination findings, and spirometry. Pharmacologic therapy is prescribed using a stepwise approach that begins with inhaled short-acting beta -agonists for intermittent asthma with the addition of daily inhaled corticosteroids for more persistent cases. Individuals with asthma are reevaluated on a regular basis to monitor symptoms, and pharmacologic treatments are adjusted as needed. Familiarity with the stepwise approach for asthma management and confidence in the efficacy and safety profiles of inhaled medications will assist clinicians in successful management of asthma in the primary care setting.
哮喘是一种常见疾病，影响美国 8.3%的成年人。该疾病的特征是慢性气道炎症，导致气道高反应性和阻塞，导致咳嗽、喘息、呼吸急促和胸闷感。哮喘的诊断和分类基于报告的症状、体检结果和肺功能检查。药物治疗采用逐步方法，对于间歇性哮喘，首先使用吸入短效β-激动剂，对于更持续的病例，添加每日吸入皮质类固醇。定期对哮喘患者进行重新评估，以监测症状，并根据需要调整药物治疗。熟悉哮喘管理的逐步方法，并对吸入药物的疗效和安全性有信心，将有助于临床医生在初级保健环境中成功管理哮喘。
