Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA; email:
Annu Rev Immunol. 2019 Apr 26;37:125-144. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041607. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Platelets have dual physiologic roles as both cellular mediators of thrombosis and immune modulatory cells. Historically, the thrombotic function of platelets has received significant research and clinical attention, but emerging research indicates that the immune regulatory roles of platelets may be just as important. We now know that in addition to their role in the acute thrombotic event at the time of myocardial infarction, platelets initiate and accelerate inflammatory processes that are part of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction expansion. Furthermore, it is increasingly apparent from recent studies that platelets impact the pathogenesis of many vascular inflammatory processes such as autoimmune diseases, sepsis, viral infections, and growth and metastasis of many types of tumors. Therefore, we must consider platelets as immune cells that affect all phases of immune responses.
血小板在血栓形成和免疫调节细胞这两个方面具有双重生理作用。从历史上看，血小板的血栓形成功能受到了大量的研究和临床关注，但新兴的研究表明，血小板的免疫调节作用可能同样重要。我们现在知道，除了在心肌梗死时急性血栓事件中的作用外，血小板还启动并加速了动脉粥样硬化和心肌梗死扩展的发病机制中的炎症过程。此外，最近的研究越来越明显地表明，血小板影响许多血管炎症过程的发病机制，如自身免疫性疾病、败血症、病毒感染以及许多类型的肿瘤的生长和转移。因此，我们必须将血小板视为影响免疫反应所有阶段的免疫细胞。
