Laboratory for Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Centre, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; email:
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2019 Feb 15;7:403-425. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-114851. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Consumption of animal products such as meat, milk, and eggs in first-world countries has leveled off, but it is rising precipitously in developing countries. Agriculture will have to increase its output to meet demand, opening the door to increased automation and technological innovation; intensified, sustainable farming; and precision livestock farming (PLF) applications. Early indicators of medical problems, which use sensors to alert cattle farmers early concerning individual animals that need special care, are proliferating. Wearable technologies dominate the market. In less-value-per-animal systems like sheep, goat, pig, poultry, and fish, one sensor, like a camera or robot per herd/flock/school, rather than one sensor per animal, will become common. PLF sensors generate huge amounts of data, and many actors benefit from PLF data. No standards currently exist for sharing sensor-generated data, limiting the use of commercial sensors. Technologies providing accurate data can enhance a well-managed farm. Development of methods to turn the data into actionable solutions is critical.
在发达国家，肉类、牛奶和蛋类等动物产品的消费已趋于平稳，但在发展中国家却急剧上升。为了满足需求，农业将不得不提高产量，这为增加自动化和技术创新、集约化可持续农业和精准畜牧养殖（PLF）应用打开了大门。早期的医疗问题指标正在增多，这些指标利用传感器提前向奶牛养殖户发出警报，告知需要特殊照顾的个别动物。可穿戴技术占据市场主导地位。在价值较低的动物系统中，如绵羊、山羊、猪、家禽和鱼类，每个畜群/羊群/养殖群一个传感器（例如一个摄像头或机器人）而不是每个动物一个传感器将变得常见。PLF 传感器产生大量数据，许多参与者都受益于 PLF 数据。目前，没有共享传感器生成数据的标准，这限制了商业传感器的使用。提供准确数据的技术可以增强管理良好的农场。开发将数据转化为可行解决方案的方法至关重要。
