College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Nov 26;18(12):4148. doi: 10.3390/s18124148.
A reliable energy-efficient routing protocol plays a key role in underwater data transmission. In the face of acoustic communication challenges in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), including long propagation delay, topology change, limited energy, and communication voids, we propose RECRP, a Reliable Energy-efficient Cross-layer Routing Protocol to achieve high data delivery rate. RECRP is a location-free single-copy protocol. The information of the physical layer such as Doppler scale shift measurement, Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), etc. are adopted to estimate the distance, thus no extra hardware is needed for localization. Moreover, the overhead introduced by redundant packets is avoided with the single-copy mechanism. To improve the two-hop packet delivery rate and balance energy consumption among adjacent nodes, an optimal max⁻min method is proposed that dynamically controls transmission power and channel frequency. Furthermore, a surface to bottom routing establishment method is also adopted to handle communication voids. Compared with depth-based routing (DBR) and hop-by-hop vector-based forwarding (HH-VBF) , RECRP is more energy-efficient with a higher delivery rate.
在水下数据传输中，可靠的节能路由协议起着关键作用。在面对水下无线传感器网络（UWSN）中的声学通信挑战时，包括传播延迟长、拓扑变化、能量有限和通信空洞等问题，我们提出了 RECRP，一种可靠节能的跨层路由协议，以实现高数据传输率。RECRP 是一种无位置的单副本协议。采用物理层的信息，如多普勒频移测量、接收信号强度指示（RSSI）等，来估计距离，因此不需要额外的硬件进行定位。此外，单副本机制避免了冗余数据包带来的开销。为了提高两跳数据包的传输率并平衡相邻节点之间的能量消耗，提出了一种最优的 max-min 方法，该方法可以动态控制传输功率和信道频率。此外，还采用了一种从水面到底部的路由建立方法来处理通信空洞。与基于深度的路由（DBR）和逐跳基于向量的转发（HH-VBF）相比，RECRP 具有更高的传输率和更高的能效。
