Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 03 50134, Firenze, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Largo Brambilla, 03 50134, Firenze, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Nov 27;19(12):3756. doi: 10.3390/ijms19123756.
In recent years, the human microbiota has gained increasing relevance both in research and clinical fields. Increasing studies seem to suggest the centrality of the microbiota and its composition both in the development and maintenance of what we call "health" and in generating and/or favoring (those cases in which the microbiota's complex relational architecture is dysregulated) the onset of pathological conditions. The complex relationships between the microbiota and human beings, which invest core notions of biomedicine such as "health" and "individual," do concern not only problems of an empirical nature but seem to require the need to adopt new concepts and new perspectives in order to be properly analysed and utilized, especially for their therapeutic implementation. In this contribution we report and discuss some of the theoretical proposals and innovations (from the ecological component to the notion of polygenomic organism) aimed at producing this change of perspective. In conclusion, we summarily analyze what impact and what new challenges these new approaches might have on personalized/person centred/precision medicine.
近年来，人类微生物组在研究和临床领域都越来越受到重视。越来越多的研究似乎表明，微生物组及其组成在我们所谓的“健康”的发展和维持中，以及在产生和/或促进（在这种情况下，微生物组的复杂关系结构失调）病理状况的发生中具有核心地位。微生物组与人类之间的复杂关系，涉及到核心的生物医学概念，如“健康”和“个体”，不仅涉及到经验性质的问题，而且似乎需要采用新概念和新视角来进行适当的分析和利用，特别是为了实现其治疗应用。在本研究中，我们报告并讨论了一些旨在产生这种视角转变的理论建议和创新（从生态组成部分到多基因组生物体的概念）。最后，我们简要分析了这些新方法可能对个性化/以人为本/精准医学产生的影响和新挑战。
