Carapinheira António, Mendes Pedro, Guedes Carvalho Pedro, Torregrossa Miquel, Travassos Bruno
Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
Instituto Português de Administração e Marketing (IPAM), 1500-210 Lisboa, Portugal.
Sports (Basel). 2018 Nov 28;6(4):155. doi: 10.3390/sports6040155.
The aim of this study was to explore the process of career termination of elite soccer players, comparing the quality and the resources to support career termination over the last three decades. To this end, was developed a questionnaire defined by four sections: (a) biographical data, (b) athletic career, (c) quality of career termination and (d) available resources at the moment of career termination. Ninety male former elite Portuguese soccer players participated in this study. The results highlighted a decrease in the length of athletic career as football players and an increase in the number of years as youth players over the last 30 years. The results also revealed that the quality of career termination was difficult. The analysis of resources for career termination revealed an increase in a high level of education over the years. Despite the evolution in the level athletes' education in the last three decades, the athletic career termination remained difficult and it was reported that they did not plan their career termination. In line with previous studies, the results highlight that the lack of plans for career termination is one of the most important factors that constrain the quality of career transition.
本研究的目的是探讨精英足球运动员职业生涯终结的过程，比较过去三十年中支持职业生涯终结的质量和资源。为此，编制了一份由四个部分组成的问卷：（a）个人资料，（b）运动生涯，（c）职业生涯终结的质量，以及（d）职业生涯终结时可用的资源。九十名前葡萄牙精英男性足球运动员参与了本研究。结果显示，过去30年来，足球运动员的运动生涯长度有所缩短，而青少年球员的年限有所增加。结果还表明，职业生涯终结的质量较差。对职业生涯终结资源的分析显示，多年来高学历人数有所增加。尽管过去三十年运动员的教育水平有所提高，但运动生涯终结仍然困难，据报道他们没有规划自己的职业生涯终结。与之前的研究一致，结果表明缺乏职业生涯终结计划是制约职业转型质量的最重要因素之一。
