Teixeira Eduardo, Silva Carlos, Romero Félix, Miguel Mauro, Vicente António
School of Sport, Santarém Polytechnic University, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
Sport Science Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Jan 9;13(1):17. doi: 10.3390/sports13010017.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Football players have a high injury risk due to the physical demands of their profession, which can negatively affect their quality of life (QoL) in the long term. The aim of this study is to characterize the severe injuries that former Portuguese football players suffered throughout their professional careers and investigate the resulting impacts on the physical domain of QoL after retirement.
This study includes 84 former Portuguese football players (48.8 ± 8.2 years) who underwent reform between 1988 and 2018 and played in professional leagues (15.2 ± 3.2 years of career duration), namely, first division leagues (n = 43) and secondary division leagues (n = 41). Quantitative and qualitative interview data are used by a validated interview guide and from results of the physical domain obtained by the application of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref).
Former players had 2.1 ± 1.5 severe injuries throughout their careers. The most common injuries involve the knee (47.5%) and foot/ankle (17.2%), with the anatomical area of the knee as the most likely to require surgical intervention (60%). The association between tactical-positional status and the incidence of severe injuries is significant, with defenders sustaining less severe injuries throughout their careers. This study found a statistically significant linear model (F(1.82) = 8.089, < 0.006) that explains 7.9% of the variation in the physical domain of QoL (R2ajuste = 0.079). For each severe injury sustained throughout a career, there is an estimated decrease of 2.7 values in QoL perception in the physical domain.
The higher the number of severe injuries sustained during a career, the lower the perception of QoL in the physical domain of former players in their post-career. These findings highlight the need to optimize training programs and injury prevention and recovery protocols for long-term QoL improvement in the physical domain of football players.
背景/目的：由于职业对身体的要求，足球运动员面临较高的受伤风险，从长期来看，这可能会对他们的生活质量（QoL）产生负面影响。本研究的目的是描述前葡萄牙足球运动员在其整个职业生涯中遭受的严重伤病情况，并调查退役后对生活质量身体领域的影响。
本研究纳入了84名前葡萄牙足球运动员（年龄48.8±8.2岁），他们在1988年至2018年期间接受了康复治疗，曾参加职业联赛（职业生涯时长15.2±3.2年），即顶级联赛（n = 43）和次级联赛（n = 41）。通过经过验证的访谈指南收集定量和定性访谈数据，并采用世界卫生组织生活质量问卷（WHOQOL-Bref）获得身体领域的结果。
前球员在其职业生涯中平均有2.1±1.5次严重伤病。最常见的伤病涉及膝盖（47.5%）和足部/脚踝（17.2%），膝盖的解剖部位最有可能需要手术干预（60%）。战术位置状态与严重伤病发生率之间的关联具有显著性，后卫在其整个职业生涯中遭受的严重伤病较少。本研究发现了一个具有统计学意义的线性模型（F(1.82) = 8.089，P < 0.006），该模型解释了生活质量身体领域7.9%的变异（调整后R2 = 0.079）。在整个职业生涯中每遭受一次严重伤病，预计身体领域的生活质量感知值会下降2.7。
职业生涯中遭受的严重伤病数量越多，前球员退役后在身体领域的生活质量感知越低。这些发现凸显了优化训练计划以及伤病预防和康复方案以长期改善足球运动员身体领域生活质量的必要性。
