Mansour Hassan, Kuhn Gustav
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019 Aug;72(8):1913-1925. doi: 10.1177/1747021818819094. Epub 2019 Jan 12.
Experimental psychologists frequently present participants with social stimuli (videos or pictures) and measure behavioural responses. Such designs are problematic in that they remove the potential for social interaction and inadvertently restrict our eyes multifaceted nature as a tool to both perceive and communicate with others. The aim of this study was to develop a new paradigm within which we can easily and reliably measure the influence of top-down processes (belief), social activity (talking and listening), and possible clinical traits (gaze anxiety, and social interaction difficulties) onto gaze behaviours. Participants were engaged in a "real" or pre-recorded Skype conversation. Findings suggest that participants who believed they were engaging in a real conversation spent less time looking at the speaker's eyes, but no differences were found for dwell time onto the whole face. Within our non-clinical sample, higher levels of gaze anxiety resulted in reduced dwell time onto the whole face but not eyes, whereas social interaction difficulties produced reduced dwell time onto the eyes only. Finally, talking consistently produced reduced dwell time onto the whole face and eyes regardless of any other conditions.
实验心理学家经常向参与者展示社会刺激物（视频或图片）并测量行为反应。这类设计存在问题，因为它们消除了社会互动的可能性，并且无意中限制了我们眼睛作为一种用于感知他人和与他人交流的工具的多面性。本研究的目的是开发一种新范式，在该范式中我们能够轻松且可靠地测量自上而下的过程（信念）、社会活动（交谈和倾听）以及可能的临床特征（注视焦虑和社交互动困难）对注视行为的影响。参与者进行了一场“真实的”或预先录制的Skype对话。研究结果表明，那些认为自己在进行真实对话的参与者看说话者眼睛的时间较少，但在注视整个面部的停留时间上未发现差异。在我们的非临床样本中，较高水平的注视焦虑导致注视整个面部的停留时间减少，但注视眼睛的停留时间未减少，而社交互动困难仅导致注视眼睛的停留时间减少。最后，无论其他任何条件如何，交谈都会持续导致注视整个面部和眼睛的停留时间减少。
