Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4558, Australia.
Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, 4558, Australia.
Appl Ergon. 2019 Jan;74:162-171. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.08.008. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
The so-called 'fatal five' behaviours (drink and drug driving, distraction and inattention, speeding, fatigue, and failure to wear a seat belt) are known to be the major behavioural contributory factors to road trauma. However, little is known about the factors that lead to drivers engaging in each behaviour. This article presents the findings from a study which collected and analysed data on the factors that lead to drivers engaging in each behaviour. The study involved a survey of drivers' perceptions of the causes of each behaviour and a subject matter expert workshop to gain the views of road safety experts. The results were mapped onto a systems ergonomics model of the road transport system in Queensland, Australia, to show where in the system the factors reside. In addition to well-known factors relating to drivers' knowledge, experience and personality, additional factors at the higher levels of the road transport system related to road safety policy, transport system design, road rules and regulations, and societal issues were identified. It is concluded that the fatal five behaviours have a web of interacting contributory factors underpinning them and are systems problems rather than driver-centric problems. The implications for road safety interventions are discussed.
所谓的“致命五行为”（酒后和毒后驾驶、分神和注意力不集中、超速、疲劳以及不系安全带）被认为是导致道路创伤的主要行为因素。然而，导致驾驶员采取每种行为的因素却知之甚少。本文介绍了一项研究的结果，该研究收集并分析了导致驾驶员采取每种行为的因素的数据。该研究涉及对驾驶员对每种行为原因的看法进行调查，以及举办一个主题专家研讨会以征求道路安全专家的意见。研究结果被映射到澳大利亚昆士兰州道路运输系统的系统工效学模型上，以显示系统中存在这些因素的位置。除了与驾驶员的知识、经验和个性相关的众所周知的因素外，还确定了与道路安全政策、交通系统设计、道路规则和法规以及社会问题相关的更高层次的道路运输系统中的其他因素。研究结论认为，“致命五行为”有一个相互关联的潜在因素网络，它们是系统问题，而不是以驾驶员为中心的问题。讨论了对道路安全干预措施的影响。
