Masola Valentina, Bellin Gloria, Gambaro Giovanni, Onisto Maurizio
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
Cells. 2018 Nov 28;7(12):236. doi: 10.3390/cells7120236.
Heparanase (HPSE) has been defined as a multitasking protein that exhibits a peculiar enzymatic activity towards HS chains but which simultaneously performs other non-enzymatic functions. Through its enzymatic activity, HPSE catalyzes the cutting of the side chains of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, thus contributing to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and of the basal membranes. Furthermore, thanks to this activity, HPSE also promotes the release and diffusion of various HS-linked molecules like growth factors, cytokines and enzymes. In addition to being an enzyme, HPSE has been shown to possess the ability to trigger different signaling pathways by interacting with transmembrane proteins. In normal tissue and in physiological conditions, HPSE exhibits only low levels of expression restricted only to keratinocytes, trophoblast, platelets and mast cells and leukocytes. On the contrary, in pathological conditions, such as in tumor progression and metastasis, inflammation and fibrosis, it is overexpressed. With this brief review, we intend to provide an update on the current knowledge about the different role of HPSE protein exerted by its enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity.
乙酰肝素酶（HPSE）被定义为一种多功能蛋白，它对硫酸乙酰肝素（HS）链具有独特的酶活性，但同时还执行其他非酶功能。通过其酶活性，HPSE催化硫酸乙酰肝素（HS）蛋白聚糖侧链的切割，从而有助于细胞外基质和基底膜的重塑。此外，由于这种活性，HPSE还促进各种与HS相关的分子如生长因子、细胞因子和酶的释放和扩散。除了作为一种酶，HPSE还被证明具有通过与跨膜蛋白相互作用触发不同信号通路的能力。在正常组织和生理条件下，HPSE仅在角质形成细胞、滋养层细胞、血小板、肥大细胞和白细胞中表现出低水平的表达。相反，在病理条件下，如肿瘤进展和转移、炎症和纤维化中，它会过度表达。通过这篇简短的综述，我们旨在提供关于HPSE蛋白通过其酶活性和非酶活性发挥的不同作用的当前知识的最新情况。
