Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria)/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN 06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Jul;72(Suppl 1):26-37. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0306-8.
Recently, a number of studies have related the development of highly prevalent disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity to gut microbiota. Obesity itself have been associated with modifications in gut microbiota composition, and a tendency towards an overgrowth of microorganisms that obtain more efficient energy from diet. It's capacity to decompose the polysaccharides that can not be digested by the host, increase monosaccharide and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. However, the increase in fat mass is not only due to a more efficient harvest of energy, but also the microbiota participates in changes in endotoxemia, bowel permeability, insulin resistance, hormonal environment, expression of genes regulating lipogenesis, interaction with bile acids, as well as changes in the proportion of brown adipose tissue, and effects associated with the use of drugs such as metformin. Currently, use of prebiotics and probiotics and other innovative techniques like antibiotic therapy or gut microbiota transplant, has been proposed as suitable tools to control the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity or insulin resistance through the diet.
最近，许多研究将 2 型糖尿病和肥胖等高发疾病的发展与肠道微生物群联系起来。肥胖本身与肠道微生物群组成的改变有关，并且倾向于微生物过度生长，这些微生物从饮食中获得更有效的能量。它能够分解宿主无法消化的多糖，增加单糖和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的产生。然而，脂肪量的增加不仅归因于能量更有效的收获，而且微生物群还参与了内毒素血症、肠通透性、胰岛素抵抗、激素环境、调节脂肪生成的基因表达、与胆汁酸的相互作用、以及棕色脂肪组织比例的变化，以及与二甲双胍等药物使用相关的变化。目前，已经提出使用益生元和益生菌以及抗生素治疗或肠道微生物群移植等创新技术作为通过饮食控制肥胖或胰岛素抵抗等代谢疾病发展的合适工具。
