National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités Societés (LISST), Interdisciplinary Center of Urban Studies (CIEU), Toulouse, France.
National Center of Meteorological Research, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019 Jan;1436(1):5-18. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13986. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Cities modify their local climate, and at the same time they suffer from the local impacts of climate change. Our paper discusses the progress and obstacles in three active research topics that contribute to increasing the capability within the urban climate research community for transferring local climate knowledge to society. The first is linked to the production of urban surface descriptions useful for urban climate studies. The concept of local climate zones is now widely used to represent urban climate variability at the neighborhood scale. Land-use, morphological, architectural, and social data are also needed, and those are being gathered using different approaches. The second is linked to the necessity for producing information directly connected to their effects on society. This requires a strong multidisciplinary approach, and nowadays impact studies are not limited to one dimension but instead cover multiple dimensions. The third is to transfer all this information to city practitioners, so that urban climate features are considered, among many other aspects, in city management. For urban planning, cartographic tools have been introduced to include urban climate diagnosis as well as recommendations for future urbanization.
城市改变其局部气候，同时又遭受气候变化对当地的影响。本文讨论了有助于提高城市气候研究界将局部气候知识传递给社会的三个活跃研究课题的进展和障碍。第一个与有助于城市气候研究的城市表面描述的制作有关。目前，广泛使用局部气候区的概念来代表邻里尺度的城市气候变异性。还需要土地利用、形态、建筑和社会数据，并且正在使用不同的方法进行收集。第二个与必须制作直接与其对社会的影响相关的信息有关。这需要一个强大的多学科方法，如今，影响研究不仅限于一个维度，而是涵盖多个维度。第三个是将所有这些信息传递给城市从业者，以便在城市管理中考虑城市气候特征以及许多其他方面。对于城市规划，已经引入了制图工具，将城市气候诊断以及对未来城市化的建议纳入其中。
