Baklanov Alexander, Cárdenas Beatriz, Lee Tsz-Cheung, Leroyer Sylvie, Masson Valery, Molina Luisa T, Müller Tanya, Ren Chao, Vogel Felix R, Voogt James A
World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland.
Secretariat of Environment, Mexico City, Mexico.
Urban Clim. 2020 Jun;32:100610. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100610. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Rapid urbanization combined with climate change necessitates new types of urban services that make best use of science and technology. The Integrated Urban Hydro-Meteorological, Climate and Environmental Services and systems are a new initiative from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) that seeks to provide science-based integrated urban services supporting safe, healthy and resilient cities. Various cities have already started development and implementation of such Integrated Urban Services and successfully test and use them following specific requirements of local stakeholders. This paper demonstrates the novel concept and approach of Integrated Urban Hydro-Meteorological, Climate and Environmental Services (IUS) from a set of four case study cities: Hong Kong, Toronto, Mexico City and Paris, that use different IUS configurations with good existing practice. These cities represent a range of countries, climates and geophysical settings. The aggregate main joint similarities of the IUS in these cities and synergy of the cities' experience, achievements and research findings are presented, as well as identification of existing gaps in knowledge and further research needs. A list of potential criteria for identifying and classifying IUS demonstration cities is proposed. It will aid future, more detailed analysis of the IUS experience, and selection of additional demonstration cities.
快速城市化与气候变化相结合，使得需要新型的城市服务，以充分利用科学技术。城市水文气象、气候与环境综合服务及系统是世界气象组织（WMO）发起的一项新倡议，旨在提供基于科学的城市综合服务，以支持安全、健康和具有韧性的城市。各个城市已经开始开发和实施此类城市综合服务，并根据当地利益相关者的具体要求对其进行成功测试和使用。本文从香港、多伦多、墨西哥城和巴黎这四个案例研究城市出发，展示了城市水文气象、气候与环境综合服务（IUS）的新颖概念和方法，这些城市采用了不同的IUS配置并具备良好的现有实践。这些城市代表了一系列国家、气候和地球物理环境。文中呈现了这些城市中IUS的总体主要共同相似之处以及城市经验、成就和研究结果的协同效应，同时还指出了现有知识差距和进一步的研究需求。提出了一份用于识别和分类IUS示范城市的潜在标准清单。这将有助于未来对IUS经验进行更详细的分析，并选择更多的示范城市。
