Baron-Cohen S
University College, London.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1988 Sep;18(3):379-402. doi: 10.1007/BF02212194.
Autism is characterized by a chronic, severe impairment in social relations. Recent studies of language in autism also show pervasive deficits in pragmatics. We assume, uncontroversially, that these two deficits are linked, since pragmatics is part of social competence. This paper reviews the literature describing these deficits, and then considers two different psychological theories of these phenomena: the Affective theory and the Cognitive theory. Although the Affective theory makes better sense of the results from emotional recognition tasks, the Cognitive theory predicts the particular pattern of impaired and unimpaired social skills in autism, as well as the pragmatic deficits. These two theories might usefully be integrated in the future.
自闭症的特征是社交关系长期严重受损。近期关于自闭症语言的研究也表明，语用学存在普遍缺陷。我们毫无争议地认为，这两种缺陷是相关联的，因为语用学是社交能力的一部分。本文回顾了描述这些缺陷的文献，然后考虑了关于这些现象的两种不同心理学理论：情感理论和认知理论。尽管情感理论能更好地解释情感识别任务的结果，但认知理论预测了自闭症患者社交技能受损和未受损的特定模式，以及语用缺陷。这两种理论未来可能会有益地整合在一起。
