Robino Patrizia, Ferrocino Ilario, Rossi Giacomo, Dogliero Andrea, Alessandria Valentina, Grosso Lisa, Galosi Livio, Tramuta Clara, Cocolin Luca, Nebbia Patrizia
a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy.
b Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science , University of Torino , Grugliasco , Italy.
Avian Pathol. 2019 Apr;48(2):111-120. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1553294. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster is an opportunistic yeast that colonizes the gastric mucosa of many avian species. Until now, no studies have focused on the influence of a gastric infection on the balance of the intestinal microbiota of birds. In this study, 44 faecal samples from individual canaries, with and without M. ornithogaster infection, were analysed. The detection of the yeast was evaluated by 18S rRNA PCR. In order to evaluate the impact of the Macrorhabdus infection on the bacterial communities, culture-independent methods, by the use of amplicon-based sequencing as well as 16S rRNA-DGGE, were adopted. The different health status of animals affected the relative abundance of the main OTUs, with a greater diversification of the gut microbiota in healthy animals compared to the infected. In particular, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Lachnospiraceae, Propionibacterium and Weissella were found to be characteristic of uninfected animals (FDR < 0.05), while Lactobacillus and Candidatus Arthromitus were characteristic of infected animals (FDR < 0.05). Both these taxa have been reported as immunostimulatory, involved in immunological disorders. In infected animals the inferred metagenome assessed by PICRUST clearly showed a positive correlation between the presence of M. ornithogaster and KEGG genes related to ether lipid metabolism, already reported to be immunostimulatory by activation of macrophages and to play a pathophysiological role in several immunological disorders. Finally, our results show an interaction between infection of the digestive tract and intestinal microbiota of pet birds and provide insight into the changing of the complex enteric bacterial community. HIGHLIGHTS Macrorabdus ornithogaster is a gastric yeast that colonizes a wide range of birds. Differences were found between infected and healthy animals in gut microbiota. Candidatus Arthromitus was closely associated with infected birds. M. ornithogaster can affect intestinal microbiota composition of canaries.
巨型鸟胃酵母菌是一种机会性酵母菌，可定殖于多种鸟类的胃黏膜。到目前为止，尚无研究关注胃部感染对鸟类肠道微生物群平衡的影响。在本研究中，分析了44份来自有或无巨型鸟胃酵母菌感染的单只金丝雀的粪便样本。通过18S rRNA PCR评估酵母菌的检测情况。为了评估巨型鸟胃酵母菌感染对细菌群落的影响，采用了基于扩增子测序以及16S rRNA - DGGE的非培养方法。动物的不同健康状况影响了主要操作分类单元（OTU）的相对丰度，与受感染动物相比，健康动物的肠道微生物群具有更大的多样性。特别是，发现乳酸球菌、假单胞菌、不动杆菌、毛螺菌科、丙酸杆菌和魏斯氏菌是未感染动物的特征菌属（错误发现率<0.05），而乳酸杆菌和类杆状芽孢杆菌是受感染动物的特征菌属（错误发现率<0.05）。这两个分类群均已被报道具有免疫刺激作用，与免疫紊乱有关。在受感染动物中，通过PICRUST评估的推断宏基因组清楚地显示，巨型鸟胃酵母菌的存在与与醚脂代谢相关的KEGG基因之间存在正相关，醚脂代谢已被报道可通过激活巨噬细胞发挥免疫刺激作用，并在多种免疫紊乱中发挥病理生理作用。最后，我们的结果显示了宠物鸟消化道感染与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用，并为复杂肠道细菌群落的变化提供了见解。要点：巨型鸟胃酵母菌是一种定殖于多种鸟类的胃酵母菌。在感染和健康动物的肠道微生物群中发现了差异。类杆状芽孢杆菌与受感染鸟类密切相关。巨型鸟胃酵母菌可影响金丝雀的肠道微生物群组成。
