Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 29;15(12):2692. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122692.
The purpose of this study was to carry out a review of observational studies that consider links between mobile phone use and mental health from a psychological or behavioral perspective. Systematic literature searches in PubMed and PsycINFO for articles published until 2017 were done. Exclusion criteria included: papers that considered radiofrequency fields, attention, safety, relational consequences, sexual behavior, cyberbullying, and reviews, qualitative, and case or experimental studies. A total of 4738 papers were screened by title and abstract, 404 were retrieved in full text, and 290 were included. Only 5% had any longitudinal design. Self-reporting was the dominating method of measurement. One third of the studies included children or youth. A majority of adult populations consisted of university students and/or self-selected participants. The main research results included associations between frequent mobile phone use and mental health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Mobile phone use at bedtime was associated with, e.g., shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality. "Problematic use" (dependency) was associated with several negative outcomes. In conclusion, associations between mobile phone use and adverse mental health outcomes are found in studies that take a psychological or behavioral perspective on the exposure. However, more studies of high quality are needed in order to draw valid conclusions about the mechanisms and causal directions of associations.
本研究旨在对从心理学或行为学角度考虑手机使用与心理健康之间关联的观察性研究进行综述。在 PubMed 和 PsycINFO 中进行了截至 2017 年的文献系统性检索。排除标准包括：考虑射频场、注意力、安全性、关系后果、性行为、网络欺凌以及综述、定性和案例或实验研究的论文。通过标题和摘要筛选了 4738 篇论文，全文检索了 404 篇，纳入了 290 篇。仅有 5%的研究具有任何纵向设计。自我报告是主要的测量方法。三分之一的研究包括儿童或青少年。大多数成年人群体由大学生和/或自我选择的参与者组成。主要研究结果包括频繁使用手机与心理健康结果（如抑郁症状和睡眠问题）之间的关联。睡前使用手机与睡眠持续时间缩短和睡眠质量降低等有关。“问题使用”（依赖）与一些负面结果有关。总之，从暴露的心理学或行为学角度研究发现，手机使用与不良心理健康结果之间存在关联。但是，需要更多高质量的研究来得出关于关联的机制和因果方向的有效结论。
