Fernández Robledo José A, Yadavalli Raghavendra, Allam Bassem, Pales Espinosa Emmanuelle, Gerdol Marco, Greco Samuele, Stevick Rebecca J, Gómez-Chiarri Marta, Zhang Ying, Heil Cynthia A, Tracy Adrienne N, Bishop-Bailey David, Metzger Michael J
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA.
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2019 Mar;92:260-282. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.020. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Bivalves, from raw oysters to steamed clams, are popular choices among seafood lovers and once limited to the coastal areas. The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry and improvement in the preservation and transport of seafood have enabled them to be readily available anywhere in the world. Over the years, oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams have been the focus of research for improving the production, managing resources, and investigating basic biological and ecological questions. During this decade, an impressive amount of information using high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies has been produced in various classes of the Mollusca group, and it is anticipated that basic and applied research will significantly benefit from this resource. One aspect that is also taking momentum is the use of bivalves as a model system for human health. In this review, we highlight some of the aspects of the biology of bivalves that have direct implications in human health including the shell formation, stem cells and cell differentiation, the ability to fight opportunistic and specific pathogens in the absence of adaptive immunity, as source of alternative drugs, mucosal immunity and, microbiome turnover, toxicology, and cancer research. There is still a long way to go; however, the next time you order a dozen oysters at your favorite raw bar, think about a tasty model organism that will not only please your palate but also help unlock multiple aspects of molluscan biology and improve human health.
双壳贝类，从生牡蛎到蒸蛤蜊，都是海鲜爱好者的热门选择，曾经仅限于沿海地区。水产养殖业的快速发展以及海鲜保鲜和运输的改善，使它们在世界任何地方都能 readily available（此处原文有误，应改为readily available，意为“随时可得”）。多年来，牡蛎、贻贝、扇贝和蛤蜊一直是提高产量、管理资源以及研究基本生物学和生态学问题的研究重点。在这十年间，利用高通量基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学技术在软体动物的各类物种中产生了大量令人瞩目的信息，预计基础研究和应用研究将从这些资源中显著受益。双壳贝类作为人类健康的模型系统的应用也正在兴起。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍双壳贝类生物学中对人类健康有直接影响的一些方面，包括贝壳形成、干细胞和细胞分化、在缺乏适应性免疫的情况下对抗机会性和特定病原体的能力、作为替代药物的来源、黏膜免疫以及微生物群落更新、毒理学和癌症研究。然而，仍有很长的路要走；下次当你在最喜欢的生鱼片吧点一打牡蛎时，想想这个美味的模式生物，它不仅会取悦你的味蕾，还将有助于揭示软体动物生物学的多个方面并改善人类健康。
