South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Marine Ecology and Resource Convergence Center, AICT, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.
South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Dec;137:449-455. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.053. Epub 2018 Oct 27.
Ballast water is a common vector for the transport of invasive species to new marine and aquatic environments. We used a metagenomics approach to examine the composition and diversity of viral communities in ballast water from ships originating in Mexico, Saudi Arabia, New York, and Panama, and in water from the port of their destination in Busan, Korea. Myoviridae was the most abundant virus family in ballast water, followed Podoviridae and Siphoviridae. We also identified viruses that infect invertebrates, amoebas, and algae in ballast water and in the Busan port water. Interestingly, there were several viruses that infect humans or other animals (Swinepox virus, Raccoonpox virus, Suid herpesvirus, and Human endogenous retrovirus) in the samples from New York and Panama. In addition, there were giant viruses in all the ballast water samples, especially, identified Megavirus chilensis in New York and Panama, and Pandoravirus salinus in Mexico and Saudi Arabia. These results provide detailed descriptions of the characteristics of the viruses present in ballast water, document significant viral diversity, and indicate the potential translocation of viruses via ballast water.
压载水是入侵物种向新的海洋和水生环境传播的常见载体。我们使用宏基因组学方法研究了来自墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯、纽约和巴拿马的船只的压载水中以及它们在韩国釜山港口目的地的水中的病毒群落的组成和多样性。肌尾病毒科是压载水中最丰富的病毒科，其次是短尾病毒科和长尾病毒科。我们还在压载水中和釜山港水中鉴定出了感染无脊椎动物、变形虫和藻类的病毒。有趣的是，在来自纽约和巴拿马的样本中发现了几种感染人类或其他动物的病毒（猪痘病毒、浣熊痘病毒、猪疱疹病毒和人类内源性逆转录病毒）。此外，所有压载水样本中都有巨型病毒，特别是在纽约和巴拿马鉴定出了奇美拉病毒，在墨西哥和沙特阿拉伯鉴定出了潘多拉病毒。这些结果详细描述了压载水中存在的病毒的特征，记录了显著的病毒多样性，并表明病毒可能通过压载水进行转移。
