Mallol J, Aguirre V, Mallol-Simmonds M, Matamala-Bezmalinovic A, Calderón-Rodriguez L, Osses-Vergara F
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2019 Jul-Aug;47(4):313-321. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
This study assesses the temporal trend of current asthma symptoms prevalence and associated factors in Chilean adolescents from South-Santiago, considering surveys performed in 1994, 2002 and 2015.
The prevalence of current asthma symptoms showed a trend to increase from 11.1% in 1994 to 13.4% in 2015 (p<0.001); physician-diagnosed asthma increased from 11.5% to 13.8%, (p<0.001) whereas severe asthma and asthma with exercise decreased (p<0.001). Female adolescents had a higher prevalence of current asthma in the three surveys (p<0.001), and was a risk factor for asthma in the three surveys. In 2002, frequent consumption of meat and potatoes were associated with current asthma while frequent vigorous exercise was protective. Frequent exercise and parental tobacco smoking were risk for asthma in 2015 (p<0.001). Current active tobacco smoking showed a trend to increase reaching a prevalence of 28.9% in 2015 (p<0.001). There was a consistently low proportion of adolescents with current wheezing and asthma diagnosis (32.1% in 2015) and 37.6% of them had no asthma treatment.
The prevalence of current asthma in adolescents from the studied area would be still increasing. As in other studies, female adolescents had a higher prevalence of current asthma. Current active tobacco smoking has strikingly increased in the studied children while indoor passive tobacco exposure remains inadmissibly high. Our findings suggest that asthma in children is underdiagnosed and undertreated. More attention should be given to female gender, tobacco exposure, air pollution and local diagnostic preferences when studying and interpreting trends of asthma prevalence in adolescents from developing localities.
本研究通过分析1994年、2002年和2015年在智利圣地亚哥南部开展的调查，评估了当地青少年当前哮喘症状的患病率及相关因素的时间趋势。
当前哮喘症状的患病率呈上升趋势，从1994年的11.1%升至2015年的13.4%（p<0.001）；医生诊断的哮喘从11.5%增至13.8%（p<0.001），而重度哮喘和运动性哮喘则有所下降（p<0.001）。在这三项调查中，女性青少年当前哮喘的患病率更高（p<0.001），且是哮喘的一个危险因素。2002年，经常食用肉类和土豆与当前哮喘有关，而经常进行剧烈运动则具有保护作用。2015年，经常运动和父母吸烟是哮喘的危险因素（p<0.001）。当前主动吸烟呈上升趋势，2015年的患病率达到28.9%（p<0.001）。当前有喘息症状且被诊断为哮喘的青少年比例一直较低（2015年为32.1%），其中37.6%未接受哮喘治疗。
研究区域内青少年当前哮喘的患病率仍在上升。与其他研究一样，女性青少年当前哮喘的患病率更高。在所研究的儿童中，当前主动吸烟显著增加，而室内被动吸烟暴露仍高得令人无法接受。我们的研究结果表明，儿童哮喘存在诊断不足和治疗不足的情况。在研究和解读发展中地区青少年哮喘患病率趋势时，应更多关注女性、烟草暴露、空气污染和当地的诊断偏好。
