Argilés J M, Azcón-Bieto J
Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Mol Cell Biochem. 1988 May;81(1):3-17. doi: 10.1007/BF00225648.
The tumor cell has a very distinctive metabolism. It acts as a metabolic trap for host nutrients thus taking vital compounds for the metabolism of the host. Depending on the particular tumor growing pattern, cancer cells use preferentially glucose or amino acids for their energetic or biosynthetic needs. Lipids, fatty acids in particular, can also be taken up by the tumor cell. In addition, it can also release some compounds into the host circulation which are not normally produced by the original cell before neoplastic transformation. Some of these compounds affect the metabolism of the host in an unfavorable way since they can oppose the host's metabolic responses, which sustain homeostasis. The final product is that the metabolic machinery of these cells allows them to grow continuously in an uncontrolled manner. The consequences of tumor invasion on the host's metabolism are varied. They have, however, one thing in common: the reduction of the metabolic efficiency of the host. Muscular protein depletion, increased gluconeogenesis, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation constitute the main metabolic responses of the host as a result of tumor invasion. The net result of all these metabolic changes is profound energy imbalance which normally ends with cachexia and, eventually, death.
肿瘤细胞具有非常独特的代谢方式。它就像一个宿主营养物质的代谢陷阱，从而摄取维持宿主代谢所需的重要化合物。根据特定的肿瘤生长模式，癌细胞优先利用葡萄糖或氨基酸来满足其能量或生物合成需求。脂质，尤其是脂肪酸，也可被肿瘤细胞摄取。此外，它还能将一些正常情况下肿瘤转化前的原始细胞不会产生的化合物释放到宿主循环系统中。其中一些化合物会以不利的方式影响宿主的代谢，因为它们会对抗宿主维持体内平衡的代谢反应。最终结果是，这些细胞的代谢机制使它们能够以不受控制的方式持续生长。肿瘤侵袭对宿主代谢的影响是多方面的。然而，它们有一个共同点：宿主代谢效率降低。肌肉蛋白消耗、糖异生增加、氧化磷酸化解偶联是肿瘤侵袭导致宿主产生的主要代谢反应。所有这些代谢变化的最终结果是严重的能量失衡，通常以恶病质告终，并最终导致死亡。
