Maina Ivy W, Workman Alan D, Cohen Noam A
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Aug 24;4(3):200-208. doi: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.07.003. eCollection 2018 Sep.
Bitter (T2R) and sweet (T1R) taste receptors have been implicated in sinonasal innate immunity and in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Taste receptors are expressed on several sinonasal cell types including ciliated epithelial cells and solitary chemosensory cells. Bitter agonists released by pathogenic microbes elicit a T2R dependent signaling cascade which induces the release of bactericidal nitric oxide, increases mucociliary clearance, and promotes secretion of antimicrobial peptides. Genetic variation conferred by polymorphisms in T2R related genes is associated with differential CRS susceptibility, symptomatology and post-treatment outcomes. More recently, based on our understanding of T1R and T2R function, investigators have discovered novel potential therapeutics in T2R agonists and T1R antagonists. This review will discuss bitter and sweet taste receptor function in sinonasal immunity, explore the emerging diagnostic and therapeutic implications stemming from the most recent findings, and suggest directions for future research.
苦味（T2R）和甜味（T1R）味觉受体与鼻鼻窦先天免疫及慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的病理生理学有关。味觉受体在包括纤毛上皮细胞和孤立化学感受细胞在内的多种鼻鼻窦细胞类型上表达。病原微生物释放的苦味激动剂引发依赖T2R的信号级联反应，诱导杀菌性一氧化氮的释放，增加黏液纤毛清除率，并促进抗菌肽的分泌。T2R相关基因多态性赋予的基因变异与CRS易感性、症状及治疗后结果的差异有关。最近，基于我们对T1R和T2R功能的理解，研究人员在T2R激动剂和T1R拮抗剂中发现了新的潜在治疗方法。本综述将讨论鼻鼻窦免疫中苦味和甜味味觉受体的功能，探讨最新发现所带来的新的诊断和治疗意义，并提出未来研究方向。
