Fan Shengxian, Yin Jianyi, Wang Meng, Guan Wenxian
Department of Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
Department of Physiology and Gastroenterology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.
Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018 Nov 25;21(11):1315-1320.
Gastric organoid is the organotypic cultures of gastric stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. Gastric organoid is comprised of all major types of gastric epithelial cells and represent the architecture and function remarkably similar to those of the gastric epithelium, faithfully recapitulating the functional gastric epithelium ex vivo. As ideal basic experimental model, gastric organoid has advantages over animal models and conventional cell model in many aspects. Gastric organoid derived from human gastric tissue, in particular, allows the investigation of the function of human stomach in the ex vivo setting. It has now been applied in the field of formation and physiology of the stomach, Helicobacter pylori infection-associated diseases, research of the pathogenic gene, screening and development of drugs, and regenerative medicine. What is more, as an innovative pre-clinical cancer model, gastric cancer organoid has provided important insights in the development of gastric cancer and screening of antitumor drugs, such as simulating the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, screening and development of antitumor drugs, personalized medication and targeted therapy for gastric cancer, and combined application with patient-derived xenograft. In this review, we summarize the establishment and application of gastric and gastric cancer organoids, especially in modeling gastric cancer, basic research and drug development.
胃类器官是胃干细胞或多能干细胞的器官型培养物。胃类器官由所有主要类型的胃上皮细胞组成，其结构和功能与胃上皮极为相似，能在体外忠实地重现功能性胃上皮。作为理想的基础实验模型，胃类器官在许多方面优于动物模型和传统细胞模型。特别是源自人胃组织的胃类器官，能够在体外研究人胃的功能。目前它已应用于胃的形成与生理学、幽门螺杆菌感染相关疾病、致病基因研究、药物筛选与开发以及再生医学等领域。此外，作为一种创新的临床前癌症模型，胃癌类器官在胃癌发展和抗肿瘤药物筛选方面提供了重要见解，比如模拟胃癌的发生发展、筛选与开发抗肿瘤药物、胃癌的个性化用药和靶向治疗，以及与患者来源的异种移植联合应用。在本综述中，我们总结了胃和胃癌类器官的建立与应用，尤其是在胃癌建模、基础研究和药物开发方面。
