STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
Helicobacter. 2022 Jun;27(3):e12891. doi: 10.1111/hel.12891. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
For decades, traditional in vitro and in vivo models used for the study of Helicobacter pylori infection have relied heavily on the use of gastric cancer cell lines and rodents. Major challenges faced by these methods have been the inability to study cancer initiation in already cancerous cell lines, and the difficulty in translating results obtained in animal models due to genetic differences. These challenges have prevented a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and slowed the development of cancer therapies and a suitable vaccine against the pathogen. In recent years, the development of gastric organoids has provided great advantages over the traditional in vivo and in vitro models due to their similarities to the human stomach in vivo, their ease of use, and the capacity for long-term culture. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of existing in vivo and in vitro models of H. pylori infection, and how gastric organoids have been applied to study H. pylori pathogenesis, with a focus on how the pathogen interacts with the gastric epithelium, inflammatory processes, epithelial repair, and cancer initiation. The potential applications of organoids to address more complex questions on the role of hormones, vaccine-induced immunity are also discussed.
几十年来，用于研究幽门螺杆菌感染的传统体外和体内模型严重依赖于使用胃癌细胞系和啮齿动物。这些方法面临的主要挑战是无法在已经癌变的细胞系中研究癌症的起始，并且由于遗传差异，难以将在动物模型中获得的结果转化。这些挑战阻碍了对疾病发病机制的全面理解，并减缓了癌症治疗方法和针对病原体的合适疫苗的开发。近年来，由于其与体内人类胃的相似性、易用性以及长期培养的能力，胃类器官的发展为传统的体内和体外模型提供了巨大的优势。本文讨论了现有的幽门螺杆菌感染体内和体外模型的优缺点，以及胃类器官如何应用于研究幽门螺杆菌发病机制，重点讨论了病原体如何与胃上皮相互作用、炎症过程、上皮修复和癌症起始。还讨论了类器官在解决关于激素作用、疫苗诱导免疫等更复杂问题上的潜在应用。
