Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 Mar;66(2):662-671. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13085. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Coxiella burnetii is a multi-host bacterium that causes Q fever in humans, a zoonosis that is emerging worldwide. The ecology of C. burnetii in wildlife is still poorly understood and the influence of host, environmental and pathogen factors is almost unknown. This study gathers current published information on different aspects of C. burnetii infection in wildlife, even in species with high reservoir potential and a high rate of interaction with livestock and humans, in order to partially fill the existing gap and highlight future needs. Exposure and/or infection by C. burnetii has, to date, been reported in 109 wild mammal species. The limited sample size of most of the existing studies could suggest an undervalued prevalence of C. burnetii infection. Knowledge on the clinical outcome of C. burnetii infection in wildlife is also very limited, but currently includes reproductive failure in waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), roan antelope (Hippotragus niger), dama gazelle (Nanger dama) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and placentitis in the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi), Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). The currently available serological tests need to be optimised and validated for each wildlife species. Finally, there is a huge gap in the research on C. burnetii control in wildlife, despite of the increasing evidence that wildlife is a source of C. burnetii for both livestock and humans.
贝氏考克斯氏体是一种多宿主细菌，可引起人类的 Q 热，这是一种在全球范围内出现的人畜共患病。野生动物中贝氏考克斯氏体的生态学仍然知之甚少，宿主、环境和病原体因素的影响几乎未知。本研究汇集了目前关于野生动物中不同方面的贝氏考克斯氏体感染的已发表信息，即使在具有高储存潜力且与牲畜和人类高度互动的物种中也是如此，以便部分填补现有空白并突出未来需求。迄今为止，已有 109 种野生动物物种报告了暴露于或感染贝氏考克斯氏体。大多数现有研究的样本量有限，这可能表明贝氏考克斯氏体感染的流行率被低估了。关于野生动物中贝氏考克斯氏体感染的临床结果的知识也非常有限，但目前包括水羚（Kobus ellipsiprymnus）、旋角羚（Hippotragus niger）、大羚羊（Nanger dama）和水牛（Bubalus bubalis）的生殖失败以及太平洋海豹（Phoca vitulina richardsi）、北美海狮（Eumetopias jubatus）和马鹿（Cervus elaphus）的胎盘炎。目前可用的血清学检测需要针对每种野生动物物种进行优化和验证。最后，尽管有越来越多的证据表明野生动物是牲畜和人类的贝氏考克斯氏体的来源，但野生动物中贝氏考克斯氏体的控制研究存在巨大差距。
