Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
Departamento de Tecnología Ambiental to Unidad de Tecnología Ambiental, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico.
Environ Toxicol. 2019 Mar;34(3):294-302. doi: 10.1002/tox.22684. Epub 2018 Dec 2.
Copper and copper oxide nanomaterials (nCuO) can enter the marine environment negatively impacting mussels, an environmental and commercially relevant organism. We analyzed the effects on the immune system of adult mussels exposed to soluble copper (CuSO , 20-50 μg/L) or nCuO (100-450 μg/L). CuSO caused significant copper accumulation in gills and cell-free hemolymph, while nCuO caused cell damage to gills and significant copper accumulation in hemocytes, the most abundant cells in the hemolymph. Both sources of copper caused cellular toxicity in hemocytes by increasing reactive oxygen species production and lysosome abundance, and decreasing multi-drug resistance transporter activity. Though hemocyte abundance was not affected, their in-vitro phagocytic activity decreased, explaining the slight (but not statistically significant) increase in bacterial proliferation in mussels exposed to the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio tubiashii following copper exposure. Thus, exposure to non-lethal concentrations of CuSO or nCuO can potentially increase mussel susceptibility to bacterial infections.
铜和氧化铜纳米材料（nCuO）可能会进入海洋环境，对贻贝产生负面影响，贻贝是一种具有环境和商业相关性的生物。我们分析了暴露于可溶性铜（CuSO4，20-50μg/L）或 nCuO（100-450μg/L）的成年贻贝的免疫系统的影响。CuSO4导致鳃和无细胞血淋巴中铜的大量积累，而 nCuO 导致鳃细胞损伤和血淋巴中最丰富的细胞——血细胞中铜的大量积累。这两种铜源通过增加活性氧（ROS）的产生和溶酶体的丰度，降低多药耐药转运蛋白的活性，导致血细胞的细胞毒性。尽管血细胞的丰度没有受到影响，但它们的体外吞噬活性下降，这解释了在铜暴露后，暴露于致病性细菌鳗弧菌的贻贝中细菌增殖的轻微（但无统计学意义）增加。因此，暴露于非致死浓度的 CuSO4或 nCuO 可能会增加贻贝对细菌感染的易感性。
