Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Sleep Med. 2019 Jan;53:124-132. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.035. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
To explore the correlates of nocturnal sleep duration, nocturnal sleep variability, and nocturnal sleep problems in a sample of Australian toddlers.
Participants were 173 toddlers (average age 19.7 ± 4.1 months) from the GET UP!
Nocturnal sleep duration, nocturnal sleep variability, nap(s) and physical activity were measured using 24-h accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X+) over seven consecutive days. Nocturnal sleep problems were assessed using the Tayside Children's Sleep Questionnaire. Screen time was reported by the parents. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between potential correlates (ie, age, sex, socio-economic status, weight status, physical activity, screen time, nap(s), bedtimes, and wake-up times) and nocturnal sleep characteristics.
Older children were more likely to have greater sleep variability (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.08-3.61). Less physical activity (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.27-4.45), shorter nap(s) (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.29-4.55), and later wake-up times (OR: 4.42; 95% CI: 2.32-8.42) were associated with higher odds of having longer nocturnal sleep duration. Late bedtimes were associated with shorter nocturnal sleep duration (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04-0.18) and with greater nocturnal sleep variability (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.06-3.68). None of the potential correlates were associated with nocturnal sleep problems.
The present study identifies several correlates of nocturnal sleep duration (total physical activity, nap(s), bedtime, and wake-up time) and nocturnal sleep variability (age and bedtime), whereas no correlates were identified for nocturnal sleep problems. The association between late bedtimes and shorter nocturnal sleep duration and greater nocturnal variability suggests that these may be modifiable targets for future sleep interventions in early childhood.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12616000471482, 11/04/2016, retrospectively registered.
探究澳大利亚幼儿样本中夜间睡眠时间、夜间睡眠变异性和夜间睡眠问题的相关因素。
研究参与者为 173 名幼儿（平均年龄 19.7±4.1 个月），他们来自 GET UP! 研究。使用 24 小时加速度计（Actigraph GT3X+）连续 7 天测量夜间睡眠时间、夜间睡眠变异性、午睡和体力活动。使用 Tayside 儿童睡眠问卷评估夜间睡眠问题。父母报告屏幕时间。使用逻辑回归模型检查潜在相关因素（即年龄、性别、社会经济地位、体重状况、体力活动、屏幕时间、午睡、就寝时间和醒来时间）与夜间睡眠特征之间的关联。
年龄较大的儿童更有可能出现更大的睡眠变异性（OR：1.97；95%CI：1.08-3.61）。较少的体力活动（OR：2.38；95%CI：1.27-4.45）、较短的午睡（OR：2.42，95%CI：1.29-4.55）和较晚的醒来时间（OR：4.42；95%CI：2.32-8.42）与更长的夜间睡眠时间的可能性更高相关。较晚的就寝时间与较短的夜间睡眠时间（OR：0.09；95%CI：0.04-0.18）和更大的夜间睡眠变异性（OR：1.97；95%CI：1.06-3.68）相关。潜在的相关因素均与夜间睡眠问题无关。
本研究确定了夜间睡眠时间（总体力活动、午睡、就寝时间和醒来时间）和夜间睡眠变异性（年龄和就寝时间）的几个相关因素，而夜间睡眠问题没有相关因素。较晚的就寝时间与较短的夜间睡眠时间和更大的夜间变异性之间的关联表明，这些可能是幼儿期未来睡眠干预的可调节目标。
澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册中心：ACTRN12616000471482，2016 年 4 月 11 日，回顾性注册。
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