Wageningen University, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2019 Feb;34(2):154-166. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.002. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
There is worldwide concern about the environmental costs of conventional intensification of agriculture. Growing evidence suggests that ecological intensification of mainstream farming can safeguard food production, with accompanying environmental benefits; however, the approach is rarely adopted by farmers. Our review of the evidence for replacing external inputs with ecosystem services shows that scientists tend to focus on processes (e.g., pollination) rather than outcomes (e.g., profits), and express benefits at spatio-temporal scales that are not always relevant to farmers. This results in mismatches in perceived benefits of ecological intensification between scientists and farmers, which hinders its uptake. We provide recommendations for overcoming these mismatches and highlight important additional factors driving uptake of nature-based management practices, such as social acceptability of farming.
全世界都在关注传统农业集约化带来的环境代价。越来越多的证据表明，主流农业的生态集约化可以在保障粮食生产的同时带来环境效益；然而，这种方法很少被农民采用。我们对用生态系统服务替代外部投入的证据进行了审查，结果表明，科学家往往关注的是过程（例如授粉）而不是结果（例如利润），并且表达的利益是在与农民不相关的时空尺度上。这导致了科学家和农民对生态集约化的感知效益之间存在不匹配，从而阻碍了其采用。我们提出了克服这些不匹配的建议，并强调了推动基于自然的管理实践采用的其他重要因素，例如农业的社会可接受性。
