Biological Control and Ecosystem Services Laboratory, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, C/Mayor S/N, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain.
GIS and Remote Sensing, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, C/Mayor S/N, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 7;14(1):13094. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63985-x.
Many agricultural landscapes offer few resources for maintaining natural enemy populations and floral plantings have frequently been adopted to enhance biological pest control in crops. However, restored margins may harbour both pests and natural enemies. The aim was to compare the abundance of pests and natural enemies in three types of margins (unmanaged, sown herbaceous floral strips and shrubby hedgerows) as well as in adjacent melon fields. Besides, yield was compared among melon fields as way of testing the effect of the type of margin on biocontrol. The research was carried out during 2 years in twelve melon fields from four different locations in southern Spain. Arthropods were sampled periodically in margins and melon fields by visual inspections and Berlese extraction. Hedgerow and floral strips hosted higher numbers of both pests and predators than unmanaged margins. Besides, hedgerows had a similar or higher number of natural enemies than floral strips but lower number of pests. In just a few occasions, the type of margin had a significant effect on the abundance of pests and natural enemies in melon fields, but rarely there was consistency between the two growing seasons. No differences were found in yield. We hypothesised that the lack of association in the abundances of pests and natural enemies between margins and melon fields could be attributed to the overriding effects of the landscape and/or the internal population dynamics of arthropods in melon fields. Overall, shrubby hedgerows are more recommended than herbaceous floral strips.
许多农业景观提供的资源很少用于维持天敌种群，因此经常采用种植花卉来增强作物的生物防治。然而，恢复的边缘可能同时存在害虫和天敌。本研究的目的是比较三种边缘（未管理的、播种的草本花卉带和灌木树篱）以及相邻瓜田中的害虫和天敌的丰度。此外，还比较了瓜田的产量，以检验边缘类型对生物防治的影响。本研究在西班牙南部四个不同地点的 12 个瓜田中进行了 2 年。通过目视检查和 Berlese 提取，定期在边缘和瓜田中采样节肢动物。与未管理的边缘相比，树篱和花卉带中的害虫和捕食者数量更高。此外，树篱的天敌数量与花卉带相似或更高，但害虫数量较低。在少数情况下，边缘类型对瓜田中害虫和天敌的丰度有显著影响，但两个生长季节之间很少一致。产量没有差异。我们假设，边缘和瓜田之间害虫和天敌丰度之间缺乏关联可能归因于景观的主导影响和/或瓜田中节肢动物的内部种群动态。总体而言，灌木树篱比草本花卉带更受推荐。
