Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Dec 3;374(1764):20180011. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0011.
Under global change, the ion concentration of aquatic ecosystems is changing worldwide. Many freshwater ecosystems are being salinized by anthropogenic salt inputs, whereas many naturally saline ones are being diluted by agricultural drainages. This occurs concomitantly with changes in other stressors, which can result in additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects on organisms. We reviewed experimental studies that manipulated salinity and other abiotic stressors, on inland and transitional aquatic habitats, to (i) synthesize their main effects on organisms' performance, (ii) quantify the frequency of joint effect types across studies and (iii) determine the overall individual and joint effects and their variation among salinity-stressor pairs and organism groups using meta-analyses. Additive effects were slightly more frequent (54%) than non-additive ones (46%) across all the studies ( = 105 responses). However, antagonistic effects were dominant for the stressor pair salinity and toxicants (44%, = 43), transitional habitats (48%, = 31) and vertebrates (71%, = 21). Meta-analyses showed detrimental additive joint effects of salinity and other stressors on organism performance and a greater individual impact of salinity than the other stressors. These results were consistent across stressor pairs and organism types. These findings suggest that strategies to mitigate multiple stressor impacts on aquatic ecosystems should prioritize restoring natural salinity concentrations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
在全球变化的背景下，水生生态系统的离子浓度正在全球范围内发生变化。许多淡水生态系统正受到人为盐分输入的盐化，而许多天然盐度较高的生态系统则受到农业排水的稀释。与此同时，其他胁迫因素也在发生变化，这些变化可能对生物产生相加、拮抗或协同作用。我们综述了操纵盐分和其他非生物胁迫因素的实验研究，这些研究涉及内陆和过渡性水生栖息地，目的是：(i) 综合分析它们对生物表现的主要影响；(ii) 量化跨研究的联合效应类型的频率；(iii) 利用荟萃分析确定总体个体和联合效应及其在盐度-胁迫对和生物群体之间的变异性。在所有研究中，相加效应（54%）略高于非相加效应（46%）（ = 105 个反应）。然而，对于胁迫对盐度和毒物（44%， = 43）、过渡性栖息地（48%， = 31）和脊椎动物（71%， = 21），拮抗效应占主导地位。荟萃分析表明，盐分和其他胁迫因素对生物表现的联合作用具有不利的相加效应，而且盐分对生物的个体影响大于其他胁迫因素。这些结果在胁迫对和生物类型之间是一致的。这些发现表明，减轻水生生态系统多胁迫影响的策略应优先考虑恢复自然盐度浓度。本文是主题为“淡水中的盐：原因、生态后果和未来展望”的一部分。
