Taste changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and effects on quality of life.

The primary aim of the study is to evaluate possible taste changes in a cohort of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (pALS) with dysphagia, focusing on eventual psychological and quality of life (QoL) implications. The second aim is to evaluate the changes of QoL following the use of a specific device that provides food flavour. Thirty-two ALS patients were recruited and divided into two groups: subjects feeding only through enteral tube (ET) and subjects still eating by oral way (OW). A specific set of questionnaires was selected and adapted to investigate possible changes of taste and the impact on psychological status and QoL. Moreover, a specific device that provides food flavours in a safety manner was applied to all patients. We found a perceived reduction of taste in ALS patients, in particular in the ET group. All patients showed a strong interest in the preservation of taste, and its loss negatively related to their QoL. The use of the flavour device improved the perceived QoL showing no side effects, even in the ET group. For the first time, our study revealed changes in taste perception in a cohort of ALS patients and the negative consequences that these changes have on psychological status and QoL. Furthermore, the positive effects of the device used to provide flavours suggest a possible rehabilitative effect, which should be better evaluated and confirmed in further studies.