Lu Jianfeng, Liu Shuangshuang, Wang Mingkui
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Chem. 2018 Nov 16;6:541. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00541. eCollection 2018.
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been attractive to scientific community due to its eco-friendliness, ease of fabrication, and vivid colorful property . Among various kinds of sensitizers, such as metal-free organic molecules, metal-complex, natural dyes ., porphyrin is one of the most promising sensitizers for DSSC. The first application of porphyrin for sensitization of nanocrystaline TiO can be traced back to 1993 by using [tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrinato] zinc(II) with an overall conversion efficiency of 2.6%. After 10 years efforts, Officer and Grätzel improved this value to 7.1%. Later in 2009, by constructing porphyrin sensitizer with an arylamine as donor and a benzoic acid as acceptor, Diau and Yeh demonstrated that this donor-acceptor framwork porphyrins could attain remarkable photovoltaic performance. Now the highest efficiencies of DSSC are dominated by donor-acceptor porphyrins, reaching remarkable values around 13.0% with cobalt-based electrolytes. This achievement is largely contributed by the structural development of donor and acceptor groups within push-pull framwork. In this review, we summarized and discussed the developement of donor-acceptor porphyrin sensitizers and their applications in DSSC. A dicussion of the correlation between molecular structure and the spectral and photovoltaic properties is the major target of this review. Deeply dicussion of the substitution group, especially on porphyrin's -position were presented. Furthermore, the limitations of DSSC for commercialization, such as the long-term stability, sophisticated synthesis procedures for high efficiency dye etc., have also been discussed.
染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）因其环保、易于制造和色彩鲜艳的特性而受到科学界的关注。在各种敏化剂中，如无金属有机分子、金属配合物、天然染料等，卟啉是DSSC最有前景的敏化剂之一。卟啉首次用于纳米晶TiO敏化可追溯到1993年，当时使用[四（4-羧基苯基）卟啉锌（II）]，总转换效率为2.6%。经过10年的努力，Officer和Grätzel将该值提高到了7.1%。后来在2009年，Diau和Yeh通过构建以芳胺为供体、苯甲酸为受体的卟啉敏化剂，证明这种供体-受体框架卟啉可以获得显著的光伏性能。如今，DSSC的最高效率由供体-受体卟啉主导，在钴基电解质的情况下达到了约13.0%的显著值。这一成就很大程度上归功于推拉框架内供体和受体基团的结构发展。在本综述中，我们总结并讨论了供体-受体卟啉敏化剂的发展及其在DSSC中的应用。讨论分子结构与光谱和光伏性质之间的相关性是本综述的主要目标。深入讨论了取代基，特别是卟啉β位上的取代基。此外，还讨论了DSSC商业化的局限性，如长期稳定性、高效染料复杂的合成程序等。
