Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019 Feb;38(2):340-349. doi: 10.1002/etc.4325. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
Water monitoring is of great importance, especially for water bodies in agricultural or industrial areas. Grab sampling is a widely used technique for aquatic monitoring but represents only a snapshot of the contaminant levels at a specific point in time. Passive sampling, on the other hand, is an integrative technique that provides an average concentration of contaminants representative of its deployment period. Thus, the current contamination by organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and some currently used pesticides was assessed along the Quequén Grande River watershed (Argentina) using the integrative silicone rubber passive sampling technique in a year-long study. Silicone rubber samplers were deployed at 6 sampling sites selected according to different land uses (agricultural-livestock production, agricultural and urban activities) during 3 periods in 2014 and 2015. The organochlorine pesticides were dominated by endosulfan (sum of α-, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate = 0.15-23.4 ng/L). The highest endosulfan levels were registered during the pesticide application period (December-March), exceeding the international water quality guidelines for protecting freshwater biota (3 ng/L). Compared with previous reports, no reductions in endosulfan levels were observed at the Quequén Grande River watershed. These results would suggest the illegal use of remaining stocks because water sampling was carried out after endosulfan was banned in Argentina. Chlorpyrifos was the second major pesticide found in water (0.02-4.3 ng/L), associated with its widespread usage on soybean crops. A reduction in levels of legacy pesticides (heptachlors, DDTs, dieldrin, and chlordanes) was evident compared with previous reports from 2007. Levels of PCBs were very low, indicating that probably only minor diffuse sources were still available along the Quequén Grande River watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:340-349. © 2018 SETAC.
水监测非常重要，特别是对于农业或工业地区的水体。 抓取采样是一种广泛用于水生监测的技术，但仅代表特定时间点污染物水平的快照。 另一方面，被动采样是一种综合技术，可提供其部署期间污染物平均浓度的代表性。 因此，使用综合硅橡胶被动采样技术在一年的研究中评估了 Quequén Grande 河流域（阿根廷）当前的有机氯农药、多氯联苯（PCBs）和一些当前使用的农药的污染情况。 在 2014 年和 2015 年的 3 个时期内，根据不同的土地利用（农牧业生产、农业和城市活动）在 6 个采样点部署了硅橡胶采样器。 有机氯农药以硫丹（α-、β-硫丹和硫丹硫酸盐总和=0.15-23.4ng/L）为主。 硫丹水平最高的时期是在农药施用期间（12 月至 3 月），超过了保护淡水生物群的国际水质指南（3ng/L）。 与以前的报告相比，在 Quequén Grande 河流域没有观察到硫丹水平的降低。 这些结果表明，由于在阿根廷禁止使用硫丹后才进行水样采集，可能存在非法使用剩余库存的情况。 氯吡硫磷是水中发现的第二大农药（0.02-4.3ng/L），与在大豆作物上广泛使用有关。 与 2007 年以前的报告相比，先前的农药（七氯、滴滴涕、狄氏剂和氯丹）的水平明显降低。 PCBs 的水平非常低，表明 Quequén Grande 河流域可能只有少数分散的来源。 环境毒理化学 2019；38:340-349。©2018 SETAC。
