Neurobiology Research Unit, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging.
Centre for Mental Health Promotion, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen.
Psychol Assess. 2019 Jan;31(1):e1-e20. doi: 10.1037/pas0000667. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) measures 5 factor-analytically derived mindfulness aspects (Observe, Describe, Non-Judgment, Non-Reactivity, and Acting with Awareness) and is commonly used as an indicator of mindfulness in population surveys and studies of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI). Outside MBI, FFMQ scores are hypothesized to reflect relatively stable human dispositions of importance to psychological health. However, the long-term test-retest reliability of FFMQ scores is virtually untested and it remains unknown whether FFMQ scores predict psychological health after controlling for standardized socioeconomic status classifications. First, we focused on psychometric validation of the FFMQ translated to Danish in a randomly invited healthy and nonmeditating adult community sample (N = 490). Confirmatory factor analyses primarily supported a four-factor construct excluding the Observe facet. The four-factor model showed adequate composite reliability, convergent validity and satisfactory-excellent internal consistency, Cronbach αs = .72-.91. Structural equation modeling revealed that FFMQ Total scores were positively related to income and socioeconomic status but independently predicted psychological distress and mental health scores, respectively, after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, socioeconomic job classification, stressful life events, and social desirability, β = -.24-.29, ps < .001. Second, FFMQ scores showed adequate short-term (two weeks) test-retest reliability among 99 healthy university students, Spearman's ρs ≥ .82. Finally, all FFMQ mean scores showed satisfactory test-retest reliability across a long-term (six months) interval (N = 407), intraclass correlation coefficients ≥.74. We recommend the Danish FFMQ for further use. The Observe facet should be interpreted with caution. Remaining FFMQ facet scores comprise an internally consistent four-dimensional construct reflecting long-term-reliable human dispositions of independent significance for predicting mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
五因素正念问卷（FFMQ）测量了 5 个因素分析得出的正念方面（观察、描述、不评判、不反应和觉察行动），通常用作人群调查和正念干预研究（MBI）中正念的指标。在 MBI 之外，FFMQ 分数被假设反映了对心理健康很重要的相对稳定的人类特质。然而，FFMQ 分数的长期重测信度几乎未经测试，并且在控制标准化社会经济地位分类后，FFMQ 分数是否可以预测心理健康仍然未知。首先，我们专注于在随机邀请的健康和不冥想的成年社区样本（N = 490）中翻译为丹麦语的 FFMQ 的心理测量验证。验证性因素分析主要支持排除观察方面的四因素结构。四因素模型显示出足够的综合可靠性、收敛有效性和令人满意的良好内部一致性，Cronbach αs =.72-.91。结构方程模型表明，FFMQ 总分与收入和社会经济地位呈正相关，但在控制年龄、性别、体重指数、社会经济工作分类、压力性生活事件和社会期望后，分别独立预测心理困扰和心理健康评分，β= -.24-.29，p <.001。其次，在 99 名健康大学生中，FFMQ 分数显示出足够的短期（两周）重测信度，Spearman's ρs ≥.82。最后，所有 FFMQ 平均分数在六个月的长期间隔内（N = 407）显示出令人满意的重测信度，组内相关系数≥.74。我们建议进一步使用丹麦 FFMQ。观察方面的分数应谨慎解释。其余 FFMQ 方面的分数构成了一个内部一致的四维结构，反映了对预测心理健康具有独立意义的长期可靠的人类特质。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2018 APA，保留所有权利）。
