Farisco Michele, Evers Kathinka, Changeux Jean-Pierre
Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Science and Society Unit, Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 19;9:595. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00595. eCollection 2018.
In the present paper, we suggest a potential new ethical analysis of addiction focusing on the relationship between aware and unaware processing in the brain. We take the case of the opioids epidemics to argue that a consideration of both aware and unaware processing provides a more comprehensive ethical framework to discuss the ethical issues raised by addiction. Finally, our hypothesis is that in addition to identified Central Nervous System's neuronal/neurochemical factors contributing to addictive dynamics, the socio-economic status plays a causal role through epigenetic processes, originating the need for additional reward in the brain. This provides a strong base for a socio-political form of responsibility for preventing and managing addiction crisis.
在本论文中，我们提出一种针对成瘾的潜在新伦理分析，重点关注大脑中意识和无意识加工之间的关系。我们以阿片类药物流行情况为例，论证对意识和无意识加工的考量能提供一个更全面的伦理框架，以讨论成瘾引发的伦理问题。最后，我们的假设是，除了已确定的促成成瘾动态的中枢神经系统神经元/神经化学因素外，社会经济地位通过表观遗传过程发挥因果作用，引发大脑对额外奖励的需求。这为预防和管理成瘾危机的社会政治责任形式提供了坚实基础。
