Da Silva Santos Lilian, Wolff Hans, Chappuis François, Albajar-Viñas Pedro, Vitoria Marco, Tran Nguyen-Toan, Baggio Stéphanie, Togni Giuseppe, Vuilleumier Nicolas, Girardin François, Negro Francesco, Gétaz Laurent
Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Trop Med. 2018 Nov 6;2018:7218534. doi: 10.1155/2018/7218534. eCollection 2018.
In Swiss prisons, more than 70% of detained people are foreigners and over one-third originate from sub-Saharan Africa or Latin America. These two regions are endemic for various tropical diseases and viral infections, which persist after migration to nonendemic countries. Parasitic infections (schistosomiasis; strongyloidiasis) and cooccurrent viral infections (HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV)) are especially of concern for clinical care but have been neglected in empirical research. These diseases often remain silent for years before causing complications, especially if they occur concomitantly. Our research aimed to study the prevalence rates and coinfections of two neglected tropical diseases, namely, and sp. and viral infections among sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) and Latin Americans (LA) in Switzerland's largest pretrial prison. We carried out a cross-sectional prevalence study using a standardized questionnaire and serological testing. Among the 201 participants, 85.6% were SSA and 14.4% LA. We found the following prevalence ratios: 3.5% of HIV (4.1% in SSA, 0% in LA), 12.4% of chronic HBV (14.5% in SSA, 0% in LA), 2.0% of viraemic HCV (1.7% in SSA, 3.4% in LA), and 8.0% of strongyloidiasis (8.1% in SSA, 6.9% in LA). The serological prevalence of schistosomiasis among SSA was 20.3% (not endemic in Latin America). Two infections were simultaneously detected in SSA: 4.7% were coinfected with schistosomiasis and chronic HBV. Four other coinfections were detected among SSA: schistosomiasis-HIV, HIV-chronic HBV, HIV-HCV, and schistosomiasis-strongyloidiasis. To conclude, the high prevalence rates of persistent viral and parasitic infections and their potential coinfections among SSA and LA detained migrants highlight the need to implement control strategies and programs that reach people in detention centers in nonendemic countries.
在瑞士监狱中，超过70%的被拘留者为外国人，其中超过三分之一来自撒哈拉以南非洲或拉丁美洲。这两个地区是各种热带疾病和病毒感染的流行区，这些疾病在移民到非流行国家后依然存在。寄生虫感染（血吸虫病、类圆线虫病）和并发病毒感染（艾滋病毒、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV））尤其值得临床关注，但在实证研究中却被忽视。这些疾病在引发并发症之前往往多年无症状，尤其是如果它们同时发生的话。我们的研究旨在调查瑞士最大的审前监狱中撒哈拉以南非洲人（SSA）和拉丁美洲人（LA）中两种被忽视的热带疾病，即血吸虫和类圆线虫属，以及病毒感染的患病率和合并感染情况。我们使用标准化问卷和血清学检测进行了一项横断面患病率研究。在201名参与者中，85.6%为撒哈拉以南非洲人，14.4%为拉丁美洲人。我们发现以下患病率：艾滋病毒为3.5%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为4.1%，拉丁美洲人为0%），慢性乙型肝炎为12.4%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为14.5%，拉丁美洲人为0%），病毒血症丙型肝炎为2.0%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为1.7%，拉丁美洲人为3.4%），类圆线虫病为8.0%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为8.1%，拉丁美洲人为6.9%）。撒哈拉以南非洲人中血吸虫病的血清学患病率为20.3%（拉丁美洲无流行）。在撒哈拉以南非洲人中共检测到两种感染同时存在：4.7%同时感染血吸虫病和慢性乙型肝炎。在撒哈拉以南非洲人中还检测到其他四种合并感染：血吸虫病 - 艾滋病毒、艾滋病毒 - 慢性乙型肝炎、艾滋病毒 - 丙型肝炎和血吸虫病 - 类圆线虫病。总之，如果他们同时发生的话。我们的研究旨在调查瑞士最大的审前监狱中撒哈拉以南非洲人（SSA）和拉丁美洲人（LA）中两种被忽视的热带疾病，即血吸虫和类圆线虫属，以及病毒感染的患病率和合并感染情况。我们使用标准化问卷和血清学检测进行了一项横断面患病率研究。在201名参与者中，85.6%为撒哈拉以南非洲人，14.4%为拉丁美洲人。我们发现以下患病率：艾滋病毒为3.5%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为4.1%，拉丁美洲人为0%），慢性乙型肝炎为12.4%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为14.5%，拉丁美洲人为0%），病毒血症丙型肝炎为2.0%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为1.7%，拉丁美洲人为3.4%），类圆线虫病为8.0%（撒哈拉以南非洲人为8.1%，拉丁美洲人为6.9%）。撒哈拉以南非洲人中血吸虫病的血清学患病率为20.3%（拉丁美洲无流行）。在撒哈拉以南非洲人中共检测到两种感染同时存在：4.7%同时感染血吸虫病和慢性乙型肝炎。在撒哈拉以南非洲人中还检测到其他四种合并感染：血吸虫病 - 艾滋病毒、艾滋病毒 - 慢性乙型肝炎、艾滋病毒 - 丙型肝炎和血吸虫病 - 类圆线虫病。总之，被拘留移民中持续存在的病毒和寄生虫感染及其潜在的合并感染的高患病率凸显了在非流行国家实施针对拘留中心人员的控制策略和项目的必要性。
