Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Dec 7;10(12):1941. doi: 10.3390/nu10121941.
Acute exercise can induce either a compensatory increase in food intake or a reduction in food intake, which results from appetite suppression in the post-exercise state. The timing of food choice-choosing for immediate or later consumption-has been found to influence the healthfulness of foods consumed. To examine both of these effects, we tested in our study whether the timing of food choice interacts with exposure to exercise to impact food choices such that choices would differ when made prior to or following an exercise bout. Visitors to a university recreational center were equipped with an accelerometer prior to their habitual workout regime, masking the true study purpose. As a reward, participants were presented with a snack for consumption after workout completion. Participants made their snack choice from either an apple or chocolate brownie after being pseudo-randomly assigned to choose prior to ("before") or following workout completion ("after"). Complete data were available for 256 participants (54.7% male, 22.1 ± 3.1 years, 24.7 ± 3.7 kg/m²) who exercised 65.3 ± 22.5 min/session. When compared with "before," the choice of an apple decreased (73.7% vs. 54.6%) and the choices of brownie (13.9% vs. 20.2%) or no snack (12.4% vs. 25.2%) increased in the "after" condition (χ² = 26.578, < 0.001). Our results provide support for both compensatory eating and exercise-induced anorexia. More importantly, our findings suggest that the choice of food for post-exercise consumption can be altered through a simple behavioral intervention.
急性运动可引起代偿性增加食物摄入或减少食物摄入，这是由于运动后食欲受到抑制。选择食物的时间——即时或稍后消费——已被发现会影响所消耗食物的健康程度。为了检验这两种效应，我们在研究中测试了食物选择的时间是否与运动暴露相互作用，从而影响食物选择，使得在运动前后做出的选择会有所不同。在进行习惯性锻炼之前，大学娱乐中心的访客会佩戴一个加速度计，掩盖真实的研究目的。作为奖励，参与者在完成锻炼后会获得一份小吃。参与者会在被随机分配在锻炼前（“之前”）或完成锻炼后（“之后”）选择苹果或巧克力布朗尼作为零食。共有 256 名参与者（54.7%为男性，22.1 ± 3.1 岁，24.7 ± 3.7kg/m²）完成了完整的数据收集，他们每次运动 65.3 ± 22.5 分钟。与“之前”相比，“之后”条件下苹果的选择减少（73.7% vs. 54.6%），而布朗尼（13.9% vs. 20.2%）或无零食（12.4% vs. 25.2%）的选择增加（χ²=26.578，<0.001）。我们的结果为补偿性进食和运动引起的厌食提供了支持。更重要的是，我们的研究结果表明，通过简单的行为干预可以改变运动后消费的食物选择。
