Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho s/n, Bloco G0, Sala 60, Subsolo, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
Laboratório de Toxicologia, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Horácio Macedo, s/n, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2019 Mar;219:409-417. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.184. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Our main goal was to investigate the potential accumulation of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in agricultural soils over extended periods of land use, predicting leaching and estimating risk quotients for soil microorganisms. Short to long-term of poultry litter fertilization (<1-30 years) were evaluated for enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) input, in addition to the emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. High FQs concentration (range 0.56-100 mg kg) were measured in poultry litter samples. In soils, FQs occurrence and risks have changed over the years. An accumulation trend was observed between short and medium-term fertilized soils (ST and MT soils), reaching a range of 330-6138 μg kg ENR and 170-960 μg kg CIP in MT soil, followed by decreased concentrations in long-term fertilized soils (LT soils). The environmental risk assessment showed a high ENR risk quotient (RQ ≥ 1) in ST and MT soils ranging (7-226) and high CIP risk (9-53) in LT soils. The detection of qnrS genes in the area with the lowest FQs concentration emphasizes the importance of a broader approach to environmental assessment, in which not only target compounds are considered. FQs soil-water migration model pointed out a high leaching risk in ST soil. To reduce risks, management measures to decrease antibiotic environmental load should be taken before poultry litter application. In addition, the high weathering of tropical soils contributing to possible fate of antibiotics to water resources through drainage basins should be considered.
我们的主要目标是研究氟喹诺酮类药物（FQs）在农业土壤中经过长时间使用的潜在积累情况，预测其淋溶情况并估算土壤微生物的风险商数。评估了短期至长期（<1-30 年）家禽粪肥施肥对恩诺沙星（ENR）和环丙沙星（CIP）的输入，以及质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）基因的出现。在禽粪样本中检测到高浓度的 FQs（范围为 0.56-100mg/kg）。在土壤中，FQs 的存在和风险多年来发生了变化。在短期和中期施肥土壤（ST 和 MT 土壤）中观察到积累趋势，MT 土壤中 ENR 达到 330-6138μg/kg，CIP 达到 170-960μg/kg，随后在长期施肥土壤（LT 土壤）中浓度降低。环境风险评估显示 ST 和 MT 土壤中高 ENR 风险商数（RQ≥1）（范围为 7-226），LT 土壤中高 CIP 风险（9-53）。在 FQs 浓度最低的地区检测到 qnrS 基因，这强调了进行更广泛的环境评估的重要性，其中不仅要考虑目标化合物。FQs 土壤-水迁移模型指出 ST 土壤具有高淋溶风险。为了降低风险，在施用禽粪肥之前，应采取管理措施减少抗生素的环境负荷。此外，还应考虑热带土壤的高风化作用，这可能导致抗生素通过流域进入水资源。
