Fučík Jan, Amrichová Anna, Brabcová Kristýna, Karpíšková Renata, Koláčková Ivana, Pokludová Lucie, Poláková Šárka, Mravcová Ludmila
Institute of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (ÚKZÚZ), Hroznová 63/2, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Mar;31(13):20017-20032. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32492-x. Epub 2024 Feb 17.
The practice of incorporating animal manure into soil is supported within the European Circular economy as a possible substitute for mineral fertilizers and will become crucial for the sustainability of agriculture. However, this practice may indirectly contribute to the dissemination of antibiotics, resistance bacteria, and resistance genes. In this study, medicated drinking water and poultry litter samples were obtained from a broiler-chick farm. The obtained poultry litter was incorporated into the soil at the experimental field site. The objectives of this research project were first to develop analytical methods able to quantify fluoroquinolones (FQs) in medicated drinking water, poultry litter, and soil samples by LC-MS; second to study the fate of these FQs in the soil environment after incorporation of poultry litter from flock medicated by enrofloxacin (ENR); and third to screen the occurrence of selected fluoroquinolone resistance encoding genes in poultry litter and soil samples (PCR analysis). FQs were quantified in the broiler farm's medicated drinking water (41.0 ± 0.3 mg∙L of ENR) and poultry litter (up to 70 mg∙kg of FQs). The persistence of FQs in the soil environment over 112 days was monitored and evaluated (ENR concentrations ranged from 36 μg∙kg to 9 μg∙kg after 100 days). The presence of resistance genes was confirmed in both poultry litter and soil samples, in agreement with the risk assessment for the selection of AMR in soil based on ENR concentrations. This work provides a new, comprehensive perspective on the entry and long-term fate of antimicrobials in the terrestrial environment and their consequences after the incorporation of poultry litter into agricultural fields.
在欧洲循环经济中，将动物粪便施入土壤作为矿物肥料的一种可能替代品的做法得到支持，这对农业的可持续发展至关重要。然而，这种做法可能会间接促进抗生素、耐药菌和耐药基因的传播。在本研究中，从一个肉鸡养殖场获取了加药饮用水和家禽粪便样本。将获取的家禽粪便施入试验田的土壤中。本研究项目的目标，一是开发能够通过液相色谱 - 质谱法对加药饮用水、家禽粪便和土壤样本中的氟喹诺酮类药物（FQs）进行定量的分析方法；二是研究在使用恩诺沙星（ENR）进行群体给药的家禽粪便施入土壤后，这些FQs在土壤环境中的归宿；三是筛查家禽粪便和土壤样本中选定的氟喹诺酮耐药编码基因的存在情况（聚合酶链反应分析）。在肉鸡养殖场的加药饮用水（41.0 ± 0.3 mg∙L的ENR）和家禽粪便（高达70 mg∙kg的FQs）中对FQs进行了定量。监测并评估了FQs在土壤环境中112天的持久性（100天后ENR浓度范围为36 μg∙kg至9 μg∙kg）。在家禽粪便和土壤样本中均证实了耐药基因的存在，这与基于ENR浓度对土壤中抗菌药物耐药性选择的风险评估结果一致。这项工作为抗菌药物在陆地环境中的进入和长期归宿及其在家禽粪便施入农田后的后果提供了一个新的、全面的视角。
