夜班工人和白班工人的饮食、体力活动和日光暴露模式。
Diet, Physical Activity, and Daylight Exposure Patterns in Night-Shift Workers and Day Workers.
机构信息
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology (EEPI), Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Ann Work Expo Health. 2019 Jan 7;63(1):9-21. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxy097.
BACKGROUND
Night-shift work has been reported to have an impact on nutrition, daylight exposure, and physical activity, which might play a role in observed health effects. Because these exposures show diurnal variation, and shift work has been related with disturbances in the circadian rhythm, the timing of assessment of these factors requires careful consideration. Our aim was to describe the changes in patterns of diet, physical activity, and daylight exposure associated with night-shift work.
METHODS
We conducted an observational study among female healthcare workers either regularly working night shifts or not working night shifts. We assessed physical activity and daylight exposure using continuous monitoring devices for 48 h. We logged dietary patterns (24 h) and other health- and work-associated characteristics. Two measurement sessions were conducted when participants did 'not' work night shifts, and one session was conducted during a night-shift period.
RESULTS
Our study included 69 night-shift workers and 21 day workers. On days in which they conduct work but no night work, night-shift workers had similar physical activity and 24-h caloric intake, yet higher overall daylight exposures than day workers and were more often exposed around noon instead of mainly around 1800h. Night-shift workers were less exposed to daylight during the night-shift session compared to the non-night-shift session. Total caloric intakes did not significantly differ between sessions, but we did observe a shorter maximum fasting interval, more eating moments, and a higher percentage of fat intake during the night-shift session.
CONCLUSION
Observed differences in diet, physical activity, and exposure to daylight primarily manifested themselves through changes in exposure patterns, highlighting the importance of time-resolved measurements in night-shift-work research. Patterns in daylight exposure were primarily related to time of waking up and working schedule, whereas timing of dinner seemed primarily governed by social conventions.
背景
夜班工作被报道会对营养、日光暴露和身体活动产生影响，这些因素可能在观察到的健康影响中发挥作用。由于这些暴露因素具有昼夜变化，且夜班工作与昼夜节律紊乱有关，因此评估这些因素的时间需要仔细考虑。我们的目的是描述与夜班工作相关的饮食、身体活动和日光暴露模式的变化。
方法
我们在定期上夜班或不上夜班的女性医护人员中进行了一项观察性研究。我们使用连续监测设备评估了 48 小时的身体活动和日光暴露情况。我们记录了饮食模式（24 小时）和其他与健康和工作相关的特征。当参与者不进行夜班工作时，进行了两次测量，一次是在夜班期间进行的。
结果
我们的研究包括 69 名夜班工人和 21 名白班工人。在他们进行白天工作但没有夜班工作的日子里，夜班工人的身体活动和 24 小时热量摄入相似，但总的日光暴露量高于白班工人，并且更经常在中午暴露，而不是主要在 1800 时左右。与非夜班工作期间相比，夜班工人在夜班工作期间暴露在日光下的时间较少。两个会话之间的总热量摄入量没有显著差异，但我们确实观察到夜间会话的禁食间隔更短，进食次数更多，脂肪摄入量百分比更高。
结论
饮食、身体活动和日光暴露的观察到的差异主要通过暴露模式的变化表现出来，这凸显了在夜班工作研究中进行时间分辨测量的重要性。日光暴露模式主要与醒来和工作时间表有关，而晚餐时间似乎主要受社会习俗的影响。
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