Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Adv Nutr. 2023 Mar;14(2):295-316. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.006. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Workers employed in rotating shift schedules are at a higher metabolic risk compared with those in regular day and fixed shift schedules; however, the contribution of diet is unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate how rotating shift work schedules affect dietary energy intake and dietary patterns compared with regular day and fixed shift schedules. In addition, intraperson energy intake and dietary pattern comparisons within rotating shift schedules were investigated. Database searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, PSYCinfo, EMBASE, and Scopus, in addition to manual search of bibliographic references, to identify articles. Two separate meta-analyses compared dietary intake between day work and rotating shift work schedules and within the rotational shift work group (morning/day and night shifts). Differences in dietary patterns were synthesized narratively. Thirty-one studies (n = 18,196 participants) were included in the review, and meta-analyses were conducted with 24-hour mean energy intake data from 18 (n = 16,633 participants) and 7 (n = 327 participants) studies, respectively. The average 24-hour energy intake of rotating shift workers was significantly higher than that of workers in regular daytime schedules [weighted mean difference (WMD): 264 kJ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 70, 458 kJ; P < 0.008; I = 63%]. However, the mean difference in 24-hour energy intake between morning/day shifts compared with night shifts within rotational shift schedules was not statistically significant (WMD: 101 kJ; 95% CI: -651, 852 kJ; P = 0.79; I = 77%). Dietary patterns of rotating shift workers were different from those of day workers, showing irregular and more frequent meals, increased snacking/eating at night, consumption of fewer core foods, and more discretionary foods. This review highlights that dietary intake in rotational shift workers is potentially higher in calories and features different eating patterns as a consequence of rotating shift work schedules. This review was registered at PROSPERO as ID 182507.
与固定班次和常规日班相比，轮班工作的工人代谢风险更高；然而，饮食的作用尚不清楚。本系统评价旨在研究轮班工作时间表如何影响与常规日班和固定班次相比的膳食能量摄入和饮食模式。此外，还研究了轮班工作时间表内个体的能量摄入和饮食模式比较。除了手动搜索参考文献外，还在 MEDLINE、Cochrane、CINAHL、PSYCinfo、EMBASE 和 Scopus 数据库中进行了检索，以确定文章。两项单独的荟萃分析比较了日班和轮班工作时间表之间以及轮班工作组内（早班/白班和夜班）的饮食摄入。饮食模式的差异以叙述性方式综合。本综述共纳入 31 项研究（n = 18196 名参与者），并对 24 小时平均能量摄入数据进行了荟萃分析，分别来自 18 项（n = 16633 名参与者）和 7 项（n = 327 名参与者）研究。轮班工人的 24 小时平均能量摄入明显高于常规白班工人[加权均数差（WMD）：264 kJ；95%置信区间（CI）：70，458 kJ；P < 0.008；I = 63%]。然而，轮班工作时间表内早/白班与夜班之间 24 小时能量摄入的平均差异无统计学意义（WMD：101 kJ；95%CI：-651，852 kJ；P = 0.79；I = 77%）。轮班工人的饮食模式与白班工人不同，表现为不规律和更频繁的进餐、夜间增加零食/进食、食用较少的核心食物和更多的随意食物。本综述强调，轮班工人的膳食摄入量可能更高，热量更多，并且由于轮班工作时间表的原因，饮食模式也不同。本综述已在 PROSPERO 注册，注册号为 ID 182507。
