Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044, Rennes, France.
Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000, Rennes, France.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Mar 1;233:39-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.009. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Hazardous and odorous gas emissions from composting and methanization plants are an issue of public concern. Odor and chemical monitoring are thus critical steps in providing suitable strategies for air pollution control at waste treatment units. In this study, 141 gas samples were extensively analyzed to characterize the odor and chemical emissions released upon the aerobic treatment of 10 raw substrates and five digestates. For this purpose, agricultural wastes, biowastes, green wastes, sewage sludge, and municipal solid waste (MSW) were composted in 300 L pilots under forced aeration. Gas exhausts were evaluated through dynamic olfactometry and analytical methods (i.e., GC/MS) to determine their odor concentration (OC in OU m) and chemical composition. A total of 60 chemical compounds belonging to 9 chemical families were identified and quantified. Terpenes, oxygenated compounds, and ammonia exhibited the largest cumulative mass emission. Odor emission rates (OU h) were computed based on OC measurements and related to the initial amount of organic matter composted and the process time to provide odor emission factors (OEFs in OU gOM). The composting process of solid wastes accounted for OEFs ranging from 65 to 3089 OU gOM, whereas digestates composting showed a lower odor emission potential with OEF fluctuating from 8.6 to 30.5 OU gOM. Moreover, chemical concentrations of single compounds were weighted with their corresponding odor detection thresholds (ODTs) to yield odor activities values (OAVs) and odor contribution (PO, %). Volatile sulfur compounds were the main odorants (PO = 54-99%) regardless of the operational composting conditions or substrate treated. Notably, methanethiol was the leading odorant for 73% of the composting experiments.
堆肥和甲烷化厂排放的有害恶臭气体是公众关注的问题。因此，气味和化学监测是为废物处理单元的空气污染控制提供合适策略的关键步骤。在这项研究中，广泛分析了 141 个气体样本，以表征在有氧处理 10 种原始底物和 5 种消化物时释放的气味和化学排放物。为此，在强制通风下，在 300L 中试规模的堆肥中对农业废物、生物废物、绿色废物、污水污泥和城市固体废物（MSW）进行了堆肥。通过动态嗅觉计和分析方法（即 GC/MS）评估废气排放，以确定其气味浓度（OU m 中的 OC）和化学成分。共鉴定和量化了 60 种属于 9 个化学家族的化合物。萜烯、含氧化合物和氨表现出最大的累积质量排放。根据 OC 测量值计算了气味排放速率（OU h），并与初始有机物质堆肥量和过程时间相关，以提供气味排放因子（堆肥过程中固体废物的 OU gOM）。从 65 到 3089 OU gOM，而消化物堆肥显示出较低的气味排放潜力，OEF 波动从 8.6 到 30.5 OU gOM。此外，用相应的气味检测阈值（ODT）对单个化合物的化学浓度进行加权，以产生气味活性值（OAV）和气味贡献（PO，%）。挥发性硫化合物是主要的气味物质（PO=54-99%），无论操作堆肥条件或处理的底物如何。值得注意的是，甲硫醇是 73%堆肥实验的主要气味物质。
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