Rodriguez-Saona Cesar, Cloonan Kevin R, Sanchez-Pedraza Fernando, Zhou Yucheng, Giusti M Monica, Benrey Betty
Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA.
Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, 25315, Saltillo, Mexico.
J Chem Ecol. 2019 Mar;45(3):286-297. doi: 10.1007/s10886-018-1042-1. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
Highbush blueberry is a crop native to the northeast USA that has been domesticated for about 100 years. This study compared the susceptibility of wild and domesticated/cultivated highbush blueberries to an invasive frugivorous pest, the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii). We hypothesized that: 1) cultivated fruits are preferred by D. suzukii for oviposition and better hosts for its offspring than wild fruits; and, 2) wild and cultivated fruits differ in physico-chemical traits. Fruits from wild and cultivated blueberries were collected from June through August of 2015 and 2016 from 10 to 12 sites in New Jersey (USA); with each site having wild and cultivated blueberries growing in close proximity. The preference and performance of D. suzukii on wild and cultivated blueberries were studied in choice and no-choice bioassays. In addition, we compared size, firmness, acidity (pH), total soluble solids (°Brix), and nutrient, phenolic, and anthocyanin content between wild and cultivated berries. In choice and no-choice bioassays, more eggs were oviposited in, and more flies emerged from, cultivated than wild blueberries. Cultivated fruits were 2x bigger, 47% firmer, 14% less acidic, and had lower °Brix, phenolic, and anthocyanin amounts per mass than wild fruits. Levels of potassium and boron were higher in cultivated fruits, while calcium, magnesium, and copper were higher in wild fruits. These results show that domestication and/or agronomic practices have made blueberries more susceptible to D. suzukii, which was associated with several physico-chemical changes in fruits. Our study documents the positive effects of crop domestication/cultivation on an invasive insect pest.
高丛蓝莓是一种原产于美国东北部的作物，已经被驯化了约100年。本研究比较了野生和驯化/栽培的高丛蓝莓对一种入侵性食果害虫——斑翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii）的易感性。我们假设：1）与野生果实相比，斑翅果蝇更喜欢在栽培果实上产卵，且栽培果实是其后代更好的寄主；2）野生果实和栽培果实在理化特性上存在差异。2015年和2016年6月至8月期间，从美国新泽西州的10至12个地点采集了野生和栽培蓝莓的果实；每个地点的野生蓝莓和栽培蓝莓都生长在附近。在选择性和非选择性生物测定中研究了斑翅果蝇对野生和栽培蓝莓的偏好及表现。此外，我们比较了野生和栽培浆果在大小、硬度、酸度（pH值）、总可溶性固形物（°Brix）以及营养成分、酚类和花青素含量方面的差异。在选择性和非选择性生物测定中，与野生蓝莓相比，斑翅果蝇在栽培蓝莓上产的卵更多，羽化出的果蝇也更多。栽培果实比野生果实大2倍，硬度高47%，酸度低14%，每单位质量的°Brix、酚类和花青素含量也更低。栽培果实中的钾和硼含量较高，而野生果实中的钙、镁和铜含量较高。这些结果表明，驯化和/或农艺措施使蓝莓更容易受到斑翅果蝇的侵害，这与果实中的一些理化变化有关。我们的研究记录了作物驯化/栽培对入侵害虫的积极影响。
