Tochen Samantha, Dalton Daniel T, Wiman Nik, Hamm Christopher, Shearer Peter W, Walton Vaughn M
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2014 Apr;43(2):501-10. doi: 10.1603/EN13200. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
Temperature-related studies were conducted on Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Drosophilini). From 10-28°C, temperature had a significant impact on blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericales: Ericaceae), and cherries, Prunus avium (L.) L. 1755 (Rosales: Rosaceae), important commercial hosts of D. suzukii. Temperature had a significant influence on D. suzukii developmental period, survival, and fecundity, with decreasing developmental periods as temperatures increased to 28°C. At 30°C, the highest temperature tested, development periods increased, indicating that above this temperature the developmental extremes for the species were approached. D. suzukii reared on blueberries had lower fecundity than reared on cherries at all temperatures where reproduction occurred. The highest net reproductive rate (R(o)) and intrinsic rate of population increase (r(m)) were recorded on cherries at 22°C and was 195.1 and 0.22, respectively. Estimations using linear and nonlinear fit for the minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures where development can take place were respectively, 7.2, 28.1, and 42.1°C. The r(m) values were minimal, optimal, and maximal at 13.4, 21.0, and 29.3°C, respectively. Our laboratory cultures of D. suzukii displayed high rates of infection for Wolbachia spp. (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), and this infection may have impacted fecundity found in this study. A temperature-dependent matrix population estimation model using fecundity and survival data were run to determine whether these data could predict D. suzukii pressure based on environmental conditions. The model was applied to compare the 2011 and 2012 crop seasons in an important cherry production region. Population estimates using the model explained different risk levels during the key cherry harvest period between these seasons.
对铃木氏果蝇（双翅目：果蝇科：果蝇族）进行了与温度相关的研究。在10至28°C范围内，温度对蓝莓（越桔科：杜鹃花科）和樱桃（蔷薇科：蔷薇目）有显著影响，这两种植物是铃木氏果蝇重要的商业寄主。温度对铃木氏果蝇的发育期、存活率和繁殖力有显著影响，随着温度升高至28°C，发育期缩短。在测试的最高温度30°C时，发育期延长，表明高于此温度接近该物种的发育极限。在所有发生繁殖的温度下，以蓝莓饲养的铃木氏果蝇繁殖力低于以樱桃饲养的。在22°C时，以樱桃饲养的铃木氏果蝇净繁殖率（R₀）和种群内禀增长率（rₘ）最高，分别为195.1和0.22。利用线性和非线性拟合估计发育可能发生的最低、最适和最高温度分别为7.2、28.1和42.1°C。rₘ值在13.4、21.0和29.3°C时分别为最低、最适和最高。我们实验室培养的铃木氏果蝇对沃尔巴克氏体属（立克次氏体目：立克次氏体科）感染率很高，这种感染可能影响了本研究中发现的繁殖力。利用繁殖力和存活数据运行了一个温度依赖性矩阵种群估计模型，以确定这些数据是否能根据环境条件预测铃木氏果蝇的压力。该模型用于比较一个重要樱桃产区2011年和2012年作物季节的情况。使用该模型进行的种群估计解释了这两个季节关键樱桃收获期不同的风险水平。
