The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
J Appl Microbiol. 2019 Mar;126(3):740-751. doi: 10.1111/jam.14178. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
To investigate the effects of the ginsenoside Rh2 on monospecies and multispecies cariogenic biofilms and explore the mechanism of the antibiofilm effect of Rh2 in vitro.
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguinis were chosen to form the monospecies or multispecies biofilms. Crystal violet staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to observe the effect of Rh2 on biofilms in vitro. Cytotoxicity was examined by the Cell Counting Kit-8. The effects of Rh2 on bacterial membranes were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) method were used to profile the common differentially expressed proteins. Gene expression was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In general, the treatment of cariogenic biofilms with Rh2 significantly decreased biomass accumulation by inhibiting bacterial growth and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis without any cytotoxic effects. TEM imaging showed that Rh2 could disrupt the cell membranes of these bacteria. The iTRAQ results indicated that the levels of mannose-specific IIC/D and acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase were substantially down-regulated, while the mRNA expression of the corresponding genes were significantly changed.
Our data revealed a potential application for Rh2 in the protection against dental caries via the inhibition of cariogenic biofilms.
This study describes the first application of a ginsenoside against multispecies cariogenic biofilms. Rh2 may serve as an alternative agent to prevent dental caries by effectively modulating the pathogenic potentials of oral biofilms.
研究人参皂苷 Rh2 对单物种和多物种致龋生物膜的影响，并探讨 Rh2 在体外的抗生物膜作用机制。
选择变形链球菌、远缘链球菌和血链球菌形成单物种或多物种生物膜。采用结晶紫染色和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察 Rh2 对体外生物膜的影响。通过细胞计数试剂盒-8 检测细胞毒性。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察 Rh2 对细菌膜的影响。采用相对和绝对定量同位素标记（iTRAQ）方法对常见差异表达蛋白进行分析。通过逆转录定量聚合酶链反应分析基因表达。总体而言，Rh2 处理致龋生物膜可通过抑制细菌生长和细胞外多糖合成来显著减少生物量积累，而无任何细胞毒性作用。TEM 成像显示 Rh2 可破坏这些细菌的细胞膜。iTRAQ 结果表明，甘露糖特异性 IIC/D 和乙醛/醇脱氢酶的水平显著下调，而相应基因的 mRNA 表达也发生了显著变化。
我们的数据显示，Rh2 可能通过抑制致龋生物膜在预防龋齿方面具有潜在的应用价值。
本研究首次描述了人参皂苷对多物种致龋生物膜的应用。Rh2 可能通过有效调节口腔生物膜的致病潜力，成为预防龋齿的替代药物。
