Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 27;25(11):5828. doi: 10.3390/ijms25115828.
Ginsenosides, bioactive compounds from the genus , have potential therapeutic effects on diverse ailments, including diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests their involvement in bone metabolism. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of ginsenosides on osteoporosis, periodontal disease, and osteoarthritis. Their mechanisms of action include effects on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs), and chondrocytes, which are pivotal in maintaining bone, periodontal tissue, and cartilage homeostasis. Ginsenosides may exert their beneficial effects by enhancing PDLF and osteoblast activity, suppressing osteoclast function, augmenting chondrocyte synthesis in the cartilage matrix, and mitigating connective tissue degradation. Moreover, they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-pyroptotic properties. Their efficacy in increasing bone density, ameliorating periodontitis, and alleviating osteoarthritis symptoms has been demonstrated in preclinical studies using animal models. In terms of their mechanism of action, ginsenosides modulate cellular differentiation, activity, and key signaling pathway molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), while also regulating various mediators. Furthermore, the symptomatic relief observed in animal models lends further credence to their therapeutic utility. However, to translate these preclinical findings into clinical practice, rigorous animal and clinical investigations are imperative to ascertain the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing regimens in human subjects.
人参皂苷是 属植物中的生物活性化合物，对多种疾病（包括糖尿病）具有潜在的治疗作用。新出现的证据表明，它们与人骨代谢有关。本综述总结了人参皂苷对骨质疏松症、牙周病和骨关节炎的影响的现有认识。它们的作用机制包括对成骨细胞、破骨细胞、牙周韧带成纤维细胞（PDLFs）和软骨细胞的影响，这些细胞在维持骨、牙周组织和软骨的平衡中起着关键作用。人参皂苷可能通过增强 PDLF 和成骨细胞的活性、抑制破骨细胞的功能、增加软骨细胞在软骨基质中的合成以及减轻结缔组织降解来发挥其有益作用。此外，它们还具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和抗焦亡作用。在使用动物模型的临床前研究中，已经证明它们在增加骨密度、改善牙周炎和缓解骨关节炎症状方面的功效。就其作用机制而言，人参皂苷调节细胞分化、活性和关键信号通路分子，如丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPKs），同时还调节各种介质。此外，在动物模型中观察到的症状缓解进一步证明了它们的治疗效用。然而，为了将这些临床前发现转化为临床实践，必须进行严格的动物和临床研究，以确定在人类受试者中的安全性、疗效和最佳剂量方案。
