School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Dec 15;15(12):2880. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122880.
After the melamine milk scandal in 2008, China's global imports of dairy products soared, especially after FTAs had been established with Australia and New Zealand. The dairy products of the two countries have a unique competitive trading advantage in the Chinese market. However, at a time when Chinese consumers are increasingly dependent on imported dairy products, a succession of whey protein scandals affecting New Zealand's dairy products in 2013 had a negative psychological impact on Chinese importers and consumers, and this even affected the import status of New Zealand dairy imports to the Chinese market. The present paper, based on the United Nations Comtrade Harmonized System, studies the role of Australia and New Zealand in China's dairy market. It calculates the trade competitiveness index, revealing the relative competitive advantages of Australia and New Zealand, and investigates the impact of the dairy products from these countries on China's imports from the rest of the world across six dairy sectors in the period 1992⁻2017. We find that, under the food safety laws, the relative dairy import prices, milk scandals, and Free Trade Agreements, together with the competitive advantages of Australia and New Zealand, had a varied impact on the corresponding Chinese dairy imports across the relevant sectors in the context of China food safety laws after the melamine milk scandal. These findings acknowledge Australia and New Zealand's competitiveness in the international dairy trade, and also lead to suggestions regarding their competitiveness and sustainable development in the Chinese market.
2008 年三聚氰胺牛奶丑闻后，中国对全球乳制品的进口飙升，尤其是在与澳大利亚和新西兰签订自由贸易协定之后。这两个国家的乳制品在中国市场具有独特的竞争贸易优势。然而，正当中国消费者越来越依赖进口乳制品时，2013 年新西兰乳制品接连不断的乳清蛋白丑闻对中国进口商和消费者造成了负面影响，甚至影响了新西兰乳制品对中国市场的进口地位。本文以联合国商品贸易统计数据库为基础，研究了澳大利亚和新西兰在中国乳制品市场中的作用。它计算了贸易竞争力指数，揭示了澳大利亚和新西兰的相对竞争优势，并考察了在食品安全法规、乳制品丑闻和自由贸易协定的共同作用下，1992 年至 2017 年期间这两个国家的乳制品对中国从世界其他地区进口的六个乳制品行业的影响。我们发现，在三聚氰胺牛奶丑闻后中国食品安全法规的背景下，相对乳制品进口价格、牛奶丑闻和自由贸易协定，以及澳大利亚和新西兰的竞争优势，对相关行业的中国相应乳制品进口产生了不同的影响。这些发现承认了澳大利亚和新西兰在国际乳制品贸易中的竞争力，也为他们在中国市场的竞争力和可持续发展提出了建议。
