Swenson Colin, Zerbe Christa S, Fennelly Kevin
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Dec 3;9:2901. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02901. eCollection 2018.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental organisms that may cause opportunistic infections in susceptible hosts. Lung infections in immunocompetent persons with structural lung disease are most common, while disseminated disease occurs primarily in immunocompromised individuals. Human disease caused by certain species, such as complex, , and , is increasing in incidence and varies by geographic distribution. The spectrum of NTM disease varies widely in presentation and clinical outcome, but certain patterns can be organized into clinical phenotypes. Treatment options are limited, lengthy, and often toxic. The purpose of this case-based review is to provide non-clinician scientists with a better understanding of human NTM disease with an aim to stimulate more research and development.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是普遍存在的环境微生物，可在易感宿主中引起机会性感染。结构性肺病的免疫功能正常者肺部感染最为常见，而播散性疾病主要发生在免疫功能低下的个体中。由某些菌种引起的人类疾病，如脓肿分枝杆菌、胞内分枝杆菌和堪萨斯分枝杆菌，发病率正在上升，且因地理分布而异。NTM疾病的表现和临床结局差异很大，但某些模式可归纳为临床表型。治疗选择有限、疗程长且往往有毒性。本基于病例的综述旨在让非临床科学家更好地了解人类NTM疾病，以促进更多的研究和开发。
